NEURONAL ORGANIZATION IN SIMPLE NERVOUS SYSTEMS

这项提案的长期目标是了解神经元 组织的基础上产生的行为，由简单的神经 系统.为了实现这一目标，我们将使用电压敏感染料 成像技术来监测大部分神经元， 产生的。我们计划研究两个软体动物神经节， 腹神经节和Clione肠神经节。 我们已经发现，大约300个神经元被激活， 腹神经节在两种退鳃行为中的变化， 70%的活跃神经元在两种行为中都被激活。这 这表明，在这一过程中可能存在一个大型的分布式神经网络。 神经节 对于失智症，我们计划在正常情况下监测大部分神经元， 和行为改变具体目标有四个：一。测试三 我们的初步研究提出了可能的神经元组织模型， 数据 二.为了研究神经元是如何被不同的行为 三、活动为了检验诱发行为和 内在的节奏和两个行为之间的启动时间接近。 四. 为了研究当单个神经元的活动被激活时， 修饰并在神经节中发现重要的中间神经元。 与这些 我们将试图了解这个神经节中的神经元组织 以及单个神经元在一个大而广泛的跨- 连接的神经网络我们还将研究 这个更简单的神经系统，并探讨假设的“临时” 只有在特定的行为过程中才会形成“回路”。 我们还计划研究一种更小的神经系统--克利翁肠神经系统 神经节在我们的初步实验中， 并且可以是独特的，用于光学地监测所有的神经元， 行为。提出了两个新的制备目标：I.到 通过结合电压敏感性来识别神经节中的所有神经元 染料成像和相衬增强。神经元将通过 形态特征和不同时期的活动模式 行为。二.为了研究神经元活动如何变化， 硬件不同。我们发现， 神经元的数量。我们将尝试研究神经元活动 当神经元缺失或有额外的神经元时，模式会发生变化。

The long term objective of this proposal is to understand the neuronal organization that underlies the generation of behaviors by simple nervous systems. To accomplish this goal, we will use voltage sensitive dyes imaging techniques to monitor a large fraction of neurons when behaviors are generated. We plan to study two molluscan ganglia, the Aplysia abdominal ganglion and the Clione intestinal ganglion. We have found that about 300 neurons are activated in the Aplysia abdominal ganglion during two kinds of gill withdrawal behaviors and about 70 per cent of the active neurons are activated in both behaviors. This suggests there may be a large distributed neuronal network in this ganglion. For Aplysia, we plan to monitor a large fraction of neurons during normal and altered behaviors. There are four specific aims: I. To test three models for possible neuronal organization suggested by our preliminary data. II. To examine how neurons are shared by different behavioral events III. To examine the interaction between evoked behavior and intrinsic rhythms and between two behaviors initiated close in time. IV. To study how system changes when the activity of individual neurons is modified and to find important interneurons in the ganglion. With these aims we will try to understand the neuronal organization in this ganglion and the role of individual neurons in a large and extensively inter- connected neuronal network. We will also examine the dynamic behavior of this simpler nervous system and explore the hypothetical "temporary circuits" which forms only during specific behaviors. We also plan to study a smaller nervous system-- the Clione intestinal ganglion. This ganglion has been evaluated in our preliminary experiment and may be unique for optically monitoring all the neurons during behaviors. Two specific aims are proposed on this new preparation: I. To identify all the neurons in the ganglion by combining voltage sensitive dye imaging and phase contrast enhancement. Neurons will be identified by both morphological features and the activity patterns during different behaviors. II. To study how neuronal activity changes when the neuronal hardware varies. We have found that there are a large variations in number of neurons in this ganglion. We will try to examine how neuronal activity patterns change when neurons are missing or there are extra neurons.