Cost effective Electroencephalography sensor for monitoring sleep disruption in early stages of Alzheimer's disease

项目摘要/摘要 25%-40%的阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者患有轻度至中度痴呆症，睡眠障碍会影响到他们。 睡眠结构紊乱与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停不同，是一种与早期睡眠呼吸暂停高度相关的生物标志物。 AD分期和APOE e4等位基因的危险因素。测量身体运动的睡眠传感器(动作记录仪)无法检测到 在非快速眼动(NREM)和快速眼动(REM)睡眠阶段之间转换的周期性模式。 准确监测睡眠结构需要脑电图仪(EEG)记录。基于家庭的脑电传感器 它们远不是理想的，因为它们价格昂贵，每天穿着也不舒服。仍然需要付出巨大的努力 用于改善电极、无线信号传输和总体成本效益。成本低，成本低 易用性是公众接受数以百万计的用户进行大规模测量所必需的要素。这个 这项提议的目标是开发一种优化的、成本效益高的家用脑电传感器。 我们提出了一种综合方法，通过结合新型电极来实现成本效益和可靠性， 将功放、蓝牙传输和电池集成在一个柔软的头带上。 SA1.优化的脑电电极，实现可靠的记录。电极设计是HIGH最关键的因素 信号质量和友好的用户体验。我们将测试一些受壁虎启发的新型自粘性电极 脚和蚱蜢腿。这些新颖的表面可以带来较大的侧向抓地力以将电极稳定在皮肤上， 这可以大大减少皮肤和电极之间的相对运动引起的伪影。 SA2.独立于平台的无线传输和数据存储。我们提出了平台无关性 蓝牙无线信号传输到现有手机。随着手机在老年人和中老年人中的广泛使用- 将脑电数据记录和存储在用户自己的手机上是一种高性价比的解决方案 使用。我们将在每部手机中使用传统的语音记录应用程序来存储数据，并使用蓝牙麦克风来 将数据从头带传输到用户的手机。这样的设备可以直接与手机配对 无需安装即可运行不同的操作系统。通过语音频段传输脑电将通过 调频电路，通过软件解调从语音文件中恢复出脑电信号 程序。 大规模测量睡眠中断依赖于具有成本效益的解决方案。我们的项目不仅将 有助于AD病理的早期发现/早期干预，也可作为研究人员的研究工具 收集大量数据以确定AD特定表型的早期生物标记物。

Project Summary/abstract Sleep disruption affects 25–40% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with mild to moderate dementia. Disruption in sleep architecture, distinct from obstructive sleep apnea, is a biomarker highly correlated to the early stages of AD and APOE e4 allele risk factors. Sleep sensors measuring body movement (actigraphy) cannot detect the cyclical patterns that shift between non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stages. Accurate monitoring of sleep architecture requires electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings. Home-based EEG sensors are far from ideal as they are expensive and not comfortable to wear on a daily basis. Large efforts are still needed towards the improvement of electrodes, wireless signal transmission, and overall cost-effectiveness. Being low cost and easy to use are essential factors necessary for public acceptance of large-scale measurements with millions of users. The goal of this proposal is to develop an optimized, cost-effective, EEG sensor for home use. We propose an integrated approach to achieve cost-effectiveness and reliability by combining novel electrodes, amplifiers, Bluetooth transmission, and the battery on a single soft headband. SA1. Optimized EEG electrodes for reliable recording. Electrode design is the most critical element for high signal quality and a friendly user experience. We will test a number of novel self-adhesive electrodes inspired by gecko feet and grasshopper legs. These novel surfaces may bring large lateral grip force to stabilize the electrode over the skin, which may greatly reduce the artifact caused by relative movement between the skin and the electrode. SA2. Platform independent wireless transmission and data storage. We propose platform-independent Bluetooth wireless signal transmission to existing cellphones. As cellphones are widely used in the older and middle- aged population, recording and storage of EEG data on user's own cellphone is a cost-effective solution for large-scale use. We will use conventional voice recording APPs in every cellphone for data storage and a Bluetooth microphone for transmitting data from the headband to the user's cellphone. Such devices can be directly paired with cellphones running different operating systems without installation. Transmitting EEG through a voice band will be achieved with a frequency modulation circuit, and the EEG signals will be recovered from the voice file by a software demodulation program. Large scale measurement of sleep disruption depends on cost-effective solutions. Our project will not only contribute to the early detection/early intervention of AD pathology, but also serve as a research tool for researchers to collect large amounts of data to define early biomarkers of AD specific phenotypes.