PROMOTING ADJUSTMENT IN SINGLE WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER

目前的研究有五个目的：(1)测试 家庭心理咨询干预对单身女性的效果评价 有子女抚养的早期乳腺癌；(2)调查 干预背后的因果模型；(3)探索与时间相关的 个体研究参与者的变化模式；(4)发展一种 最有效地将妇女和儿童分类的判别函数 能够从干预中获益；以及(5)测试成本- 干预措施的有效性。干预的目标是 改善乳房早期单身女性的心理社会适应 癌症及其抚养的子女以及改善妇女的 生活质量。 这是一个真实的实验，随机将100名女性分配到 对照组或干预组。干预中的女性 小组将每隔两周在家中接受5次干预；a 心理教育小册子和录像带；并可24小时查阅 硕士在干预期间培训护士辅导员 相位。控制组将从他们的医生那里得到“照常治疗” 医生和诊所护士。这两组人都将在 标准测量4次：预试时、第五次后 家庭访视，并在1个月和3个月进行随访。世界上的女性 试验组与对照组相比会：1.上报较少 与疾病相关的需求；2.经历更高水平的认知控制 他们的疾病，包括更高水平的自我效能感 癌症；3.报告抑郁情绪水平较低；4.报告更 积极的自我形象；5.报告较低的焦虑水平；6.报告较高的焦虑程度 家庭功能水平和7.报告更高的生活质量。它 还假设在美国的单身妇女的抚养子女 试验组与对照组相比会有更多的积极作用 自我评价，较低的焦虑，并表现出更高的行为水平 调整。有5个主要组成部分可以评估这些措施的影响 干预：试验组和对照组之间的差异测试 (MANCOVA)；结构方程建模(SEM)，以检查潜在的 干预的解释机制、趋势和动态变化 用于描述和探索随时间变化的模式的模型 个人分析；判别分析；以及成本效益分析。 结果将通过以下方式增加我们对解释过程的理解 咨询干预导致心理社会适应的变化； 观察到的结果随时间的稳定或变化的模式； 影响变化的代价；而单身妇女和儿童最 可能会从干预中受益。

There are five purposes to the current study: (1) to test the effectiveness of a home-based counseling intervention for single women with early stage breast cancer with dependent children; (2) to investigate the causal model underlying the intervention; (3) to explore time related patterns of change in individual study participants; (4) to develop a discriminant function that effectively categorizes women and children most able to benefit from the intervention; and (5) to test the cost- effectiveness of the intervention. The goal of the intervention is to improve psychosocial adjustment in single women with early stage breast cancer and their dependent children as well as to improve the women's quality of life. This is a true experiment with random assignment of 100 women each into either the Control or the Intervention group. Women in the Intervention Group will receive 5 interventions in their homes at 2-week intervals; a psychoeducational booklet and videotape; and have 24 hour access to a Masters trained nurse counselor for the duration of the intervention phase. The Control Group will receive "treatment as usual" from their physicians and clinic nurses. Both groups will be measured on the criterion measures on 4 occasions: at pretest, after the fifth occasion of home visitation, and at 1 and 3 months follow-up. Women in the Experimental Group compared to the Control Group will: 1. report fewer illness-related demands; 2. experience higher levels of cognitive control over their illness, including higher levels of self-efficacy over their cancer; 3. report lower levels of depressed mood; 4. report a more positive self-image; 5. report lower levels of anxiety; 6. report a higher level of household functioning and 7. report a higher quality of life. It is also hypothesized that dependent children of the single women in the experimental group compared to the control group will have a more positive self-appraisal, lower anxiety, and exhibit higher levels of behavioral adjustment. There are 5 major components to assessing the effects of the intervention: tests of differences between experimental and control groups (MANCOVA); structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the underlying explanatory mechanisms of the intervention; trend and dynamic change models to describe and explore the patterns of change over time in individuals; discriminant analysis; and cost effectiveness analyses. Results will increase our understanding of the explanatory processes by which a counseling intervention causes changes in psychosocial adjustment; the patterns of stability or change in the observed outcomes over time; the cost of affecting change; and those single women and children most likely to benefit from the intervention.