AGING AND BILINGUALISM

老龄化与双语

• 批准号: 2442316
• 负责人: ELIZABETH A BATES
• 金额: $ 18.67万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-01 至 1999-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2442316
• 关键词: adult human (21+); age difference; auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; human subject; language translation; memory; multilingualism; neural information processing; nonEnglish language; psycholinguistics; reading; semantics; speech recognition

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from Investigator's Abstract): The primary purpose of the proposed research program is to improve the understanding of the effects of normal aging on language processing in bilinguals. In the proposed studies, the investigator will extend new methods and concepts from the literature on aging in monolinguals to the special problems faced by multilingual adults, with emphasis on the potential for between-language interference in fluent comprehension and production. The proposed experiments focus on the interplay between semantic and/or linguistic inhibition, and their contribution to lexical access in and out of a discourse context. Participants will be Spanish-English bilinguals (elderly bilinguals, and college-age controls under normal and stressed conditions), tested in a series of "on-line" (real time) methods for the assessment of word comprehension and production. All experiments are administered in both Spanish and English. Individuals will be screened to assess language history and language dominance in "off-line" (untimed) and on-line (timed) situations. The proposed on-line tasks will include word repetition (i.e. "auditory naming"), picture naming, picture-word priming, and picture-word Stroop tasks. The investigator's results to date with a subset of these methods suggest that the ability to process words from Language A while listening to Language B is markedly slowed in elderly bilinguals, and in young bilinguals processing the same stimuli under adverse conditions. These laboratory findings have implications for the language switching commonly experienced by bilinguals in daily life. Results will also provide information relevant to competing accounts of cognitive declines in normal aging (based primarily on studies of monolinguals), including slowed or reduced activation, reductions in working memory, and/or a reduced ability to inhibit competing responses that are not relevant to the task.

说明(改编自《调查员摘要》)：的主要目的 建议的研究计划是为了提高对影响的理解 双语者正常衰老对语言加工的影响。在建议的 研究，调查员将扩展新的方法和概念从 关于单语者老龄化面临的特殊问题的文献 多语种成年人，重点是语言之间的潜力 干扰流利的理解和表达。建议数 实验侧重于语义和/或语言之间的相互作用 抑制，以及它们对词汇进出的贡献。 话语语境。 参与者将是西班牙语-英语双语者(年长的双语者和 在正常和压力条件下的大学年龄控制)，在 Word评估的在线(实时)方法系列 理解和生产。所有的实验都在这两个地方进行 西班牙语和英语。将对个人进行筛查以评估语言 历史和语言在“离线”(不计时)和在线(计时)中的主导地位 情况。拟议的在线任务将包括单词重复(即 听觉命名)、图片命名、图片词汇启动和图片词汇 Stroop任务。到目前为止，调查人员的结果包括以下几个方面的子集 方法表明，处理来自语言A的单词的能力 在老年双语者中，听B语言的速度明显减慢，而在 年轻的双语者在不利的条件下处理相同的刺激。 这些实验室的发现对语言转换有一定的启示 双语者在日常生活中常有的症状。结果还将提供 与正常情况下认知能力下降的相互矛盾的描述相关的信息 衰老(主要基于对单语者的研究)，包括速度减慢或 激活减少、工作记忆减少和/或能力降低 以抑制与任务无关的竞争响应。