AGE CONSTRAINTS ON SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

第二语言习得的年龄限制

• 批准号: 2391127
• 负责人: JAMES E. FLEGE
• 金额: $ 21.11万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-04-15 至 2001-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2391127
• 关键词: Asian Americans; age difference; aging; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; experience; human subject; language development; learning; longitudinal human study; multilingualism; nonEnglish language; performance; speech; statistics /biometry

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract): The research proposed here will evaluate competing hypotheses concerning age-related constraints on the acquisition of a second language (L2). According to the maturational state hypothesis, which assumes the existence of a critical period, ultimate performance in an L2 becomes poorer with increasing age because the ability to learn an l2 diminishes. According to the interference hypothesis, on the other hand, success in the L2 varies as a function of the potency of a competing native language (L1) system. This hypothesis assumes that the L1 and L2 systems cannot be isolated completely from one another. Two projects are to be undertaken. Project 1 will examine adult Korean/English (KE) bilinguals who arrived in the United States between the ages of 2-24 years and have lived in the United States for at least 8 years. The bilinguals' performance in both English (the L2) and Korean (L1) will be compared to that of adult monolingual speakers of English and Korean Project 2 will examine adult and child KE bilinguals who differ in age (7-10, 12-15, or 21-24 years) and experience in English (1 or 4 years of residence in the United States). The performance of these bilinguals in both English and Korean will be assessed longitudinally by comparing their performance to that of age-matched groups of monolinguals at three times over a 12-month period. In both projects, acquisition of English morphosyntax will be assessed using a Grammaticality Judgment Test, and acquisition of English phonology will be assessed through listening tests. (native English listeners will rate English sentences for degree in foreign accent. More detailed analyses will examine the production of particular vowels and consonants.) Effects of learning English phonology on Korean phonology will be assessed using similar procedures. The interference hypothesists, but not the maturational state hypothesis, predicts that phonological accuracy in English and Korean will be inversely related. Statistical analyses will be undertaken to determine if variations in the age at which the Korean Ss began to learn English has a similar effect on their rate of acquisition and ultimate attainment in English phonology and morphosyntax. Their responses to an 84-item questionnaire will be submitted to a principal components analysis. The underlying factors it yields will be submitted to multiple regression analyses examining overall degree of foreign accent and d' scores derived from the Grammaticality Judgment Test. The question of interest here is whether the same subject factors (e.g., degree of motivation to learn English, the L 1/L2 usage ratio) accounts for performance in the two linguistic domains. Taken together, the results should enable the investigators to determine if a critical period(s) that is independent of the influence of L1 structures exists for the acquisition of L2 phonology and morphosyntax.

描述(改编自《调查者摘要》)：研究 本文将评估与年龄相关的相互竞争的假说 对第二语言(L2)习得的限制。根据 成熟状态假说，它假设存在一个 关键时期，L2的最终性能会随着 年龄越来越大，因为学习第二语言的能力减弱。根据 干扰假说，另一方面，在第二语言中的成功 随竞争母语(L1)的效力而变化 系统。该假设假设L1和L2系统不能 彼此完全隔绝。将开展两个项目。 项目1将检查来港的成年韩语/英语双语者 在美国，年龄在2-24岁之间，并在 在美国至少呆了8年。双语者在中国的表现 英语(第二语言)和韩语(第一语言)都将与成年人的语言进行比较 以英语和韩语为母语的项目2将检查成人 和年龄不同的儿童柯氏双语者(7-10岁、12-15岁或21-24岁) 和英语经验(在美国居住1年或4年 州)。这些双语者在英语和韩语中的表现 将通过比较他们的表现来进行纵向评估 在12个月的时间里，年龄匹配的单语者组的调查次数为3次 句号。在这两个项目中，英语形态句法的习得将是 使用语法判断测试进行评估，并获得 英语音韵学将通过听力测试进行评估。(本地 英语听者将根据外语程度给英语句子打分 口音。更详细的分析将考察特定的 元音和辅音。)英语语音学习对朝鲜语的影响 音系学将使用类似的程序进行评估。干扰 假设，但不是成熟状态假设，预测 英语和韩语的语音准确度将成反比。 将进行统计分析，以确定是否存在 韩国党卫军开始学习英语的年龄也有类似的效果 关于他们的英语习得率和最终成就率 音系学和形态合成学。他们对包含84个项目的问卷的回答 将提交给主成分分析。潜在的 它产生的因素将提交给多元回归分析 检查外国口音的总体程度和d‘分数来自于 语法判断测试。这里感兴趣的问题是 是否相同的科目因素(例如，学习动机的程度 英语，L的一语/二语使用率)在这两个方面的表现 语言领域。总而言之，这些结果应该会使 侦查员判定关键时期(S)是否独立 母语结构对二语习得的影响 音系学和形态合成学。