THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHONETIC CATEGORIES

语音类别的发展

• 批准号: 3216302
• 负责人: JAMES E. FLEGE
• 金额: $ 24.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1984
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1984-07-01 至 1994-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3216302
• 关键词: Asian Americans; Hispanic Americans; Japanese; Puerto Rico; United States; adult human (21+); child (0-11); early experience; ethnic group; human subject; language development; learning; longitudinal human study; migrant; multilingualism; nonEnglish language; socioeconomics; socioenvironment; sound; speech

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from investigator's abstract) It is proposed to continue testing and elaborating a model of speech learning developed during the last two grant periods. The goal is to better understand the structure and content of phonetic categories, how and when they are established, and under what circumstances they may be modified when a second language (L2) is learned. Twenty experiments examining the production and perception of English have been planned. Many will compare native speakers to adult non-native speakers in three groups: Early L2 Learners who learned English as young children; nonproficient Late L2 Learners who learned English as adults and speak it with a strong accent; and proficient Late L2 Learners who pronounce English well even though they, too, learned it in adulthood. In addition to cross-sectional studies of English vowels and consonants, a longitudinal study examining the production and perception of English vowels will be undertaken. A wide range of differences has been noted among the Late L2 Learners examined in past grant periods to produce and perceive particular L2 sounds. This has led to the inclusion of experiments that aim to identify factors contributing to exceptionally good l2 pronunciation by Late L2 Learners. Another series of experiments will attempt to identify the basis for variations in degree of perceived foreign accent (FAO). Finally, it is hoped to continue developing improved methods for speech training. Illustrative training experiments designed to improve Late L2 Learners' perception -- and perhaps indirectly production -- of English vowels and consonants are presented. The proposed research will lead to a better understanding of how phonetic systems are organized, and provide insight into the processes and mechanisms through which they develop over the lifespan.

描述：(改编自调查人员摘要)建议 继续测试和阐述开发的语音学习模型 在过去的两个赠款期间。目标是更好地理解 语音分类的结构和内容，如何和何时分类 以及在什么情况下可以在 学习第二语言(L2)。二十个实验检验了 英语的制作和感知都已经计划好了。很多人会比较 母语人士对成年非母语人士分为三组：早期L2 从小学习英语的学习者；第二语言后期不熟练的学习者 成年后学习英语并带有浓重口音的学习者； 和熟练的二语学习者，即使他们的英语发音很好 他们也是在成年后学会的。除了横断面研究 一项关于英语元音和辅音的纵向研究 将进行英语元音的产生和感知。宽阔的 在第二语言学习后期的学生中发现了一系列不同之处 过去的授权期，以产生和感知特定的L2声音。这有 导致了旨在确定因素的实验的纳入 有助于晚期二语学习者特别好的二语发音。 另一系列实验将试图确定 感觉到的外国口音程度的变化(粮农组织)。最后，它是 希望继续开发改进的语音训练方法。 旨在提高二语习得者后进性的说明性培训实验 感知--也许间接地产生--英语元音和 辅音被呈现出来。拟议的研究将导致更好的 理解语音系统是如何组织的，并提供见解 发展成过程和机制。 寿命。