NEURAL PROCESSING OF COMMUNICATION SOUNDS

通讯声音的神经处理

• 批准号: 2033091
• 负责人: JAMES R KOZLOSKI
• 金额: $ 1.71万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-10-01 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2033091
• 关键词: Osteichthyes; acoustic nerve; afferent nerve; auditory nuclei; auditory pathways; hearing; medulla oblongata; neural information processing; sound frequency

The research proposed here is directed toward developing a better understanding of how critical features of communication signals are coded and processed by neural circuits in the brain. The specific goal is to elucidate neurobiological processes which are fundamental to natural auditory communication. Auditory nervous systems have the task of processing important timing cues in communication signals, whether in human speech or in the acoustic communication of a diverse array of other vertebrate animals. The basic organization of auditory pathways is similar across vertebrate classes, and certain species of vertebrate animals are particularly valuable for addressing issues relating to the neurobiology of hearing, communication, and the learning processes which they subsume. In particular, the neurophysiological studies proposed here address problems in fundamental neuroscience which are potentially relevant to import mental health issues, including the design of treatments for individuals with auditory-related learning dysfunctions. Recent studies suggest that poor discrimination of auditory time cues by language impaired children may lie at the root of a broad spectrum of learning disorders. The proposed research focuses on the neural processing of time features in the auditory system of a vertebrate animal which uses a limited set of simple sounds for courtship communication. By conducting neuroanatomical and neurophysiological experiments in the auditory brainstem of Pollimyrus (ie., auditory nerve to midbrain), the substrate and method for the coding of temporal features in sonic stimuli will be examined. New knowledge about how the normal vertebrate nervous system responds to these signals will contribute to the basic biomedical science needed to design informed treatments of dysfunction. The fish (Pollimyrus) is an excellent animal model for this research because: 1. Its repertoire of sounds has been carefully characterized, 2. The dominant features of its sounds are temporal patterns, and 3. Its ear appears to be adapted time analysis (the animal~s hearing is based on an array of hair cells like that found in the human ear, but it does not posses a mechanical frequency analyzer like in the mammalian cochlea). This animal has also proven to be outstanding for single neuron physiological studies and for anatomical studies of the auditory pathway. The proposed research combines neurophysiological studies of the auditory system with neuroanatomical pathway tracing from those auditory centers which have been characterized physiologically. Having made a careful choice of an appropriate animal model, I expect that progress will be made toward a better understanding of fundamental mechanisms of vertebrate communication.

这里提出的研究旨在发展更好 了解沟通信号的关键特征是如何的 由大脑中的神经回路编码和处理。 具体 目标是阐明是基本的神经生物学过程 进行自然的听觉沟通。 听觉神经系统有 处理沟通中重要时机提示的任务 信号，无论是在人类的言语还是声学交流中 其他各种脊椎动物。 基本 脊椎动物的听觉途径组织相似 类，某些脊椎动物的某些物种尤其是 对于解决与与神经生物学有关的问题有价值的 听力，沟通和他们的学习过程 属性。 特别是，此处提出的神经生理学研究 潜在相关的基本神经科学问题 进口心理健康问题，包括设计 患有听觉相关学习功能障碍的人。 最近的 研究表明，通过 语言受损的儿童可能属于广泛的根源 学习障碍。 拟议的研究重点是时间的神经处理 使用脊椎动物动物的听觉系统中的功能 有限的简单声音用于求爱通讯。 经过 进行神经解剖学和神经生理实验 Pollimyrus的听觉脑干（即听觉神经 中脑），底物的底物和方法 将检查声音刺激中的功能。 关于新知识 正常脊椎动物神经系统如何响应这些信号 将有助于设计的基本生物医学科学 功能障碍的知情治疗方法。 鱼（Pollimyrus）是这项研究的出色动物模型 因为：1。它的声音曲目已经仔细地表征了 2。其声音的主要特征是时间模式，3。 它的耳朵似乎是适应时间分析（动物的听力是 基于在人耳中发现的一系列毛细胞，但是 它没有像机械频率分析仪那样 哺乳动物耳蜗）。 事实证明，这种动物对于单个神经元很出色 生理研究和听觉的解剖学研究 路径。 拟议的研究结合了神经生理学 通过神经解剖途径跟踪的听觉系统的研究 从那些被描述的听觉中心 生理学上。 仔细选择了合适的选择 动物模型，我希望将取得进步 了解脊椎动物的基本机制 沟通。