LEGAL INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE TOBACCO USE

申请人建议编制一系列十二份法律的政策文件， 最有效的法律的战略， 保险公司和公共卫生/利益集团可以寻求减少烟草 使用和限制青少年接触烟草产品，申请人建议， 编写经过认真研究的权威性法律的政策文件， 赋予地方政府机构的权力范围-然后确定 六个国家，反映了目前对地方 立法和监管-并审查每个国家的七个关键问题， 六个国家;每个国家的地方政府机构 六个州有权限制和控制烟草销售和使用; 禁止烟草广告牌和出租车车顶广告;禁止在公共场所吸烟 例如餐馆;禁止独立的烟草产品展示; 禁止抽取样本;禁止使用自动售货机;。以及使用合规性检查。 全州报销法律的政策研究州和医疗保险公司 开始向烟草业起诉， 戒烟和健康费用转移相关费用 戒烟疗法和烟草引起的疾病， 烟草公司的健康计划订户，增加了烟草的价格， 烟草制品和减少消费，特别是青年消费。 然而，烟草业已经启动了宪法和程序， 旨在破坏这一战略的攻击。 研究人员建议， 编写关于三种可能战略可行性的政策文件： 使用消费者保护法和普通法理论来补偿烟草- 造成医疗费用;国家起诉烟草公司的能力， 烟草引起的疾病所造成的医疗费用由 医疗补助和团体健康保险账户;私人健康权 保险公司以取得该等赔偿;而申请人亦会调查 最佳设计国家立法的宪法有效性， 加强获得这种保健医疗报销法律的程序 烟草业的成本。 全州消费者保护法律的政策研究调查员将 为国家当局提供法律的手段， 广告和销售;审查可能 授权公民以私人律师的身份采取法律的行动 一般，全州范围内的集体诉讼和/或总检察长的诉讼， 禁止烟草公司的广告非法和不公平地针对 未成年人、妇女和少数民族，需要进行矫正性公共教育 由独立第三方控制的活动;以及 国家、家长和公共利益集团寻求法律的 根据消费者保护法对销售 香烟给孩子 拟议的研究将有助于实施 这些政策将极大地影响公共卫生。

Applicant proposes to produce a series of twelve legal policy papers on the most effective legal strategies that states, municipalities, health insurers, and public health/interest groups can pursue to reduce tobacco use and curtail youth access to tobacco products, applicants propose to produce carefully researched and authoritative legal policy papers on the scope of authority granted to local governmental bodies -- then identify six states which reflect the current range of approaches to local legislation and regulation -- and examine seven key issues for each of the six stat es; sources from which local governmental bodies in each of the six states derive the power to restrict and control tobacco sale and use; bans of tobacco billboards and taxi roof ads; bans on smoking in public areas such s restaurants; bans of free-standing tobacco product displays; bans of sampling; vending machine bans;. and the use of compliance checks. Statewide Reimbursement Legal Policy Research States and health insurers are beginning to sue for reimbursement from the tobacco industry for smoking cessation and health expenses to transfer the costs associated with cessation therapies and tobacco-induced illnesses from the states and health plan subscribers to the tobacco companies, increasing the price of tobacco products and reducing consumption, especially consumption by youth. The tobacco industry has, however, launched constitutional and procedural attacks designed to de rail this strategy. Investigators propose to produce policy papers on the viability of three possible strategic: states' use of consumer protection laws and common law theories to recoup tobacco- caused medical costs; states' ability to sue tobacco companies for the medical expenditures caused by tobacco-induced diseases paid from the Medicaid and group health insurance accounts; the right of private health insurers to obtain such recovery; and applicants will also investigate the optimal design an constitutional validity of state legislation that would strengthen legal procedures for obtaining such reimbursement of health car costs from the tobacco industry. Statewide Consumer Protection Legal Policy Research Investigators will provide state authorities with the legal means to combat illegal advertising and sales by; examining consumer protection law that may provide authority for legal action by citizens acting as private attorneys general, a statewide class action and/or action by attorneys general to enjoin tobacco companies whose advertising unlawfully and unfairly targets minors, women and minorities, and require corrective public education campaigns controlled by independent third parties; and researching athe ability of states, parents and public interest groups to pursue legal action under consumer protection laws against retailers that sell cigarettes to children. The proposed research will enable implementation of policies which will greatly impact public health.