Influence of Personal Responsibility Rhetoric on Public Health Outcomes in Judici

司法中个人责任言论对公共卫生结果的影响

• 批准号: 8066671
• 负责人: Richard A. Daynard
• 金额: $ 48.79万
• 依托单位: NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-06-18 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8066671
• 关键词: Advertising; Affect; Amendment; Attention; Behavior; California; Cigarette; Code; Concept Formation; Consumption; Data Set; Documentation; Engineering; Epidemic; Ethnography; Event; Failure; Food; Food Industry; Fostering; Fraud; Health; Health Policy; Health behavior; Individual; Industry; Injury; Intervention; Investigation; Label; Laws; Legal; Light; Litigation; Marketing; Massachusetts; Medicaid; Modeling; New Hampshire; New York City; Nicotine; Nutritional; Obesity; Outcome; Peer Review; Policies; Policy Maker; Policy Making; Policy Research; Process; Public Health; Public Relations; Publications; Publishing; Research; Research Design; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Restaurants; Review Literature; Role; Rosa; Sampling; Scheme; Smoking; Societies; Testing; Text; Tobacco; Tobacco Industry; Trans Fats; base; court; evidence base; fast food; interest; news; public policy on tobacco; response; sweetened beverage; theories; tobacco advertising; tobacco control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The investigators propose to examine the tobacco, fast food and sweetened beverage industries' use of personal responsibility rhetoric in legal and regulatory forums where many public health policies, both positive and negative, are created. As a response to legal context, the tobacco industry invokes personal responsibility rhetoric to focus attention away from its conduct and toward the individual in responding to the harm. When used as the basis of legislative and regulatory oversight, in judicial proceedings, or in other forums of law and policy formation, the concept of personal responsibility exploited rhetorically to obscure or shift attention from larger structural determinants -- including culpable actors -- that adversely affect the public's health. The investigators will identify the judicial, regulatory, legislative operational processes and related media coverage that have facilitated the use of personal responsibility rhetoric by the tobacco industry and those processes that have resisted such rhetoric in favor of analyses of structural determinants of health behaviors. The tobacco industry's personal responsibility rhetoric may also serve as a model for other commercial interests faced with the recognition that their products are harming the public's health. The investigators will examine rhetoric in the judicial, regulatory, legislative forums and related media by the fast food and sweetened beverage industries in their identified role in the obesity epidemic and compare their rhetoric with that deployed by the tobacco industry. Research will be oriented around nine key law and policy events, which will function as the investigators' theoretical samples. The theory is that the use of personal responsibility rhetoric shields from scrutiny in the judicial, regulatory and legislative forums commercially engineered determinants of health behavior. In addition to traditional law and policy research, the investigators rely on ethnographic content analysis to examine datasets containing internal industry tobacco documents, legal documents generated in the relevant legal forums, news media coverage, industry public relations documents and other documentation of conduct by the tobacco, fast food and sweetened beverage industries. The investigators will develop an initial coding scheme based on a preliminary literature reviews and examination of samples of text in the identified datasets. The investigators will test the coding on samples from the identified datasets. The study findings will be described in articles to be published in peer-reviewed publications and actively disseminated through participation in scholarly forums. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: By understanding the tobacco industry's rhetorical use of the concept of personal responsibility in legal and regulatory forums such as courts and legislatures where much health policy is determined, and analyzing how this rhetoric appears in news, opinion and public relations media material, it will be possible to more effectively anticipate and counter such rhetoric and enact evidence-based public health interventions in legal and regulatory forums. Extending the analysis of the use of such rhetoric to the "fast food" and sweetened beverage industries that are implicated in the obesity epidemic and comparing these approaches to that of the tobacco industry will better prepare policy-makers for undertaking important policy interventions to reduce obesity and its escalating public health impact.

描述（由申请人提供）：研究人员建议检查烟草，快餐和含糖饮料行业在法律的和监管论坛中使用个人责任修辞，其中许多公共卫生政策，无论是积极的还是消极的，都是创建的。作为对法律的背景的回应，烟草业援引个人责任的言论，将注意力从其行为转移到个人对伤害的回应上。当在司法程序或其他法律和政策制定论坛中用作立法和监管监督的基础时，个人责任概念被恶意利用，以掩盖或转移对更大的结构性决定因素的注意力，包括对公众健康产生不利影响的应受惩罚的行为者。调查人员将确定促进烟草业使用个人责任言论的司法，监管，立法运作过程和相关媒体报道，以及那些抵制这种言论的过程，以支持对健康行为的结构性决定因素的分析。烟草业的个人责任言论也可以作为其他商业利益的典范，因为他们认识到他们的产品正在损害公众的健康。调查人员将研究快餐和含糖饮料行业在肥胖流行中所起作用的司法，监管，立法论坛和相关媒体的言论，并将其与烟草行业的言论进行比较。研究将围绕九个关键的法律和政策事件进行，这些事件将作为研究人员的理论样本。该理论认为，使用个人责任的修辞屏蔽了司法，监管和立法论坛的审查，商业设计的健康行为的决定因素。除了传统的法律和政策研究外，调查人员还依靠人种学内容分析来检查包含烟草行业内部文件、相关法律的论坛生成的法律的文件、新闻媒体报道、行业公共关系文件以及烟草、快餐和含糖饮料行业行为的其他文件的数据集。研究者将根据初步文献综述和对已识别数据集中文本样本的检查制定初始编码方案。研究者将对来自已识别数据集的样本进行编码测试。研究结果将在同行评审的出版物上发表，并通过参加学术论坛积极传播。公共卫生关系：通过了解烟草业在法律的和监管论坛上对个人责任概念的修辞使用，如确定许多卫生政策的法院和立法机构，并分析这种修辞如何出现在新闻，舆论和公共关系媒体材料中，将有可能更有效地预测和反击这种修辞，并在法律的和监管论坛上制定循证公共卫生干预措施。将对使用这种修辞的分析扩大到与肥胖流行病有关的“快餐”和加糖饮料行业，并将这些方法与烟草行业的方法进行比较，将使决策者更好地准备采取重要的政策干预措施，以减少肥胖及其不断升级的公共卫生影响。