CONCEPT STRUCTURE AND CATEGORY BOUNDARIES

概念结构和类别边界

• 批准号: 2416009
• 负责人: Barbara C Malt
• 金额: $ 13.26万
• 依托单位: LEHIGH UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-30 至 1999-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2416009
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; classification; concept; decision making; human subject; information theory; psychological concentration; university student; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): What does it mean to know what a table, or a chair, or a hammer is? Despite much attention, no clear answer to this fundamental question about mental representation has thus far emerged. Progress in understanding the nature of concepts and categorization may require 1) distinguishing between two different acts of categorization, and 2) distinguishing among different processes that contribute to categorization decisions. These distinctions can be drawn within a unifying framework that specifies the relationships among concepts, categories, word sense, and reference. The investigators propose two sets of studies that will provide an empirical foundation for their framework. The studies will examine classification in a variety of experimental contexts. The first set derives directly from the distinction to be drawn between categorizing as an act of recognition and categorizing as a communicative act. These studies examine the relation between recognition, which the investigators view as based on the similarity of an object to other objects in feature space, and the names that are applied to objects. The second set of studies investigates mechanisms that produce complexity in how names are applied to objects. These studies provide additional information about the extent to which similarity can account for observed phenomena of naming, and they identify other mechanisms that may be required. Tests of a formal model embodying the investigators' assumptions about the role of similarity in producing naming phenomena are integrated with the experimental work in both sets of studies. The ultimate goal of the proposed project is to provide the empirical and theoretical foundation for a comprehensive theory of categorization.

描述（申请人的摘要）：知道什么是表， 或者椅子或者锤子是什么 尽管备受关注，但没有明确的答案 关于心理表征的基本问题已经出现。 在理解概念和分类的性质方面取得的进展， 要求1）区分两种不同的分类行为， 2)区分不同的过程， 分类决策。 这些区别可以在一个统一的 一种框架，它规定了概念、类别、词 意义和参考。 研究人员提出了两组研究，将提供一个经验的 为他们的框架奠定基础。 这些研究将审查分类， 各种各样的实验环境。 第一个集合直接从 将承认行为归类为 归类为交际行为。 这些研究考察了 研究人员认为， 将一个对象与要素空间中的其他对象关联， 应用于对象。 第二组研究调查的机制， 在如何将名称应用于对象方面产生复杂性。 这些研究 提供有关相似性程度的附加信息， 解释了观察到的命名现象，并确定了其他机制， 这可能是必需的。 对体现研究者的正式模型的测试 关于相似性在产生命名现象中的作用的假设是 与两组研究中的实验工作相结合。 最终 该项目的目标是提供经验和理论 一个全面的分类理论的基础。