EXEMPLAR AND PROTOTYPE STRATEGIES IN CATEGORIZATION

分类中的范例和原型策略

• 批准号: 3428511
• 负责人: Barbara C Malt
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: LEHIGH UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-09-15 至 1988-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3428511
• 关键词: classification; cognition; communication behavior; concept; developmental psychology; learning; performance; stimulus /response; visual stimulus

Classifying objects into categories is a critical cognitive process, for without it we would experience each object in the environment as unique and unconnected to our knowledge about any other object. "Prototype" theories of the categorization process assume that new objects are classified through retrieval of a summary or "prototype" representation of a category, while "exemplar" theories assume that classification involves retrieving stored representations of individual category members. Although the two views are very different in character, they have proven difficult to distinguish experimentally. The proposed research develops an on-line technique for assessing the type of information retrieved at the moment that a categorization decision is made. This technique avoids many of the problems inherent in the standard paradigms. Preliminary studies have supported the usefulness of the technique, and it appears to be applicable to investigating several central issues about categorization.

将物体分类是一个重要的认知过程， 没有它，我们将体验到环境中的每个物体都是独特的， 与我们对其他物体的认识无关 “原型”理论 假设新对象已被分类， 通过检索类别的概要或“原型”表示， 而“范例”理论则认为分类涉及检索 单个类别成员的存储表示。 虽然两 观点在性质上是非常不同的，他们已经证明很难 区别实验。 拟议的研究开发了一个在线 评估目前检索到的信息类型的技术 做出分类决定。 这项技术避免了许多 标准范例中固有的问题。 初步研究已经 支持该技术的有用性，并且似乎适用于 来研究关于分类的几个核心问题。

项目成果

An on-line investigation of prototype and exemplar strategies in classification.

分类中原型和范例策略的在线调查。

• DOI: 10.1037//0278-7393.15.4.539
• 发表时间: 1989
• 期刊: Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
• 作者: Malt,BC