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ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF PRIMING AND RECOLLECTION

启动和记忆的电生理学研究

基本信息

批准号：
2416074
负责人：
MARTA KUTAS
金额：
$ 22.1万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1995-05-01 至 2000-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2416074
关键词：
attention auditory stimulus awareness brain electrical activity cognition cues electroencephalography evoked potentials human subject imagery memory memory disorders neural information processing performance psycholinguistics stimulus /response visual stimulus

项目摘要

This proposal is aimed at expanding our knowledge of the psychological and physiological bases of memory primarily from scalp recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) to verbal and pictorial stimuli in a variety of implicit and explicit memory tasks. Current evidence suggests that a late positive component between 300 and 800 msec may index conscious recollection while several earlier components may be related to perceptual priming. We plan to test these working hypotheses. The resulting data should further our knowledge as to the independence, interdependence, and relative timing of the processes underlying perceptual priming, conceptual priming, and performance on explicit tests of memory. The proposed studies continue our investigations of word priming (perceptual and conceptual) and recognition memory using manipulations that differentially affect measures of one but not the other. We will also extend these questions to pictures. Several experiments will also utilize patients with memory disorders as we think that such a combined approach is necessary to fully understand memory mechanisms and to validate the proposed links between memory-related processes and their brain substrates as indexed by ERP measures. By altering the modality of presentation from study (auditory) to test (visual), Expt. 1 will investigate the hypothesis that an early occipital negativity elicited by words in a lexical decision task is an index of perceptual priming. Expt. 2 will examine the specificity of this effect by replicating Expt. l employing an auditory lexical decision task. Expt 3 will examine the modality independence of the recollection template by examining the ERPs elicited during an auditory lexical decision with interleaved recognition judgements following a levels-of-processing study manipulation. Expt. 4 would isolate the ERP components associated with perceptual priming in the word stem completion task by altering both the font and typecase from study to test. Expt. 5 attempts to tease apart perceptual and conceptual priming effects by examining ERPs to visual word stems during completion and cued recall following study in either the same (visual) or a different (auditory) modality. Expts. 6 & 7 utilize the method of opposition in a word stem completion paradigm to separate facilitation due to priming from that due to intentional retrieval. To that end, Expt. 6 will vary the amount of attention directed at words during study while Expt. 7 will present words too briefly to allow identification (Expt. 7). Expts. 8 & 9 will examine perceptual (for same token as study) and conceptual (for token different from study) ERP priming effects on picture fragments prior to their identification. Expt. 10-Il use amnesic patients and elderly controls to further validate our ERP indices of priming and memory tested explicitly.

这项建议旨在扩大我们对心理学的了解，和生理基础的记忆主要来自头皮记录事件相关电位（ERP）的言语和图片刺激，在一个各种内隐和外显记忆任务。目前的证据表明在300和800毫秒之间后期正分量可以指示有意识的回忆，而几个较早的组成部分可能是相关的到知觉启动我们计划测试这些工作假设。的由此产生的数据应进一步加深我们对独立性的认识，相互依存，以及相关进程的时间安排，知觉启动、概念启动与外显测验成绩记忆。拟议的研究继续我们的调查，启动（知觉和概念）和识别记忆，操纵，差异影响的措施之一，但不是其他.我们还将这些问题扩展到图片。几实验也将利用记忆障碍的患者，这种结合的方法对于完全理解记忆是必要的机制，并验证与记忆有关的过程和他们的大脑基板的ERP指标。通过改变呈现方式，从学习（听觉）到测试（目视），实验1将调查的假设，早期枕骨在词汇判断任务中，由单词引起的消极性是知觉启动实验2将研究这种效应的特异性通过复制Expt。l采用听觉词汇判断任务。Expt 3将检查回忆模板的模态独立性，检查在听觉词汇决策过程中引起的ERPs，处理水平研究后的交错识别判断操纵实验4将隔离与下列方面有关的企业资源规划组成部分：知觉启动在词干完成任务，通过改变这两个从学习到测试的字体和排版。实验5试图分开知觉启动效应和概念启动效应词干在完成和线索回忆后的研究，相同的（视觉）或不同的（听觉）模态。摘录。第6和第7条利用词干补全范例中的对立方法，将促发和有意促发的易化分开检索在这一点上，EXPT。6.注意力的数量会有所不同在学习过程中针对单词，而Expt. 7、也会说一些话简单地允许识别（Expt. 7）。摘录。8和9将检查知觉（对于与研究相同的标记）和概念（对于不同的标记研究）ERP启动效应的图片片段之前，识别.实验10-II使用健忘症患者和老年对照，进一步验证了我们的启动和记忆的ERP指标。