Language, Communication and the Brain

语言、交流和大脑

• 批准号: 7236126
• 负责人: MARTA KUTAS
• 金额: $ 27.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7236126
• 关键词: Brain; Communication; Language

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose renewal of our interdisciplinary training program in Language, Communication, and the Brain. The program emphasizes new technologies and new theoretical frameworks in cognitive science and neuroscience (e.g. advances in neural imaging, electrophysiological and behavioral studies of real-time language processing, computer simulations of language learning and breakdown). The proposed program pulls together the expertise, ideas, populations, and technologies that are available in abundance across this community, and places them at the disposal of young scientists interested in the mental and neural mechanisms that underlie language learning, language use, and language disorders. The program for the next five years will be headed by an Executive Committee of seven senior scientists, including the program director (E. Bates), and directors of six research and training components; (1) Communication Disorders (B. Wulfeck), including studies of adult aphasia and childhood language disorders; (2) Psycholinguistics (D. Swinney), including studies of real-time language and processing in adults, and studies of language learning in children; (3) Multilingual and Comparative Language Studies (M. Polinsky), a new component emphasizing studies of multilingualism (processing, learning, disorders), loss and relearning of "heritage" languages in immigrant populations, and comparative studies across typologically distinct language groups; (4) Neural Network Studies of language (J. Elman), with an emphasis on simulations of language learning and language breakdown under a range of different assumptions about the structure of the system and the context of learning and loss; (5) Event-Related Brain Potential (ERP) (M. Kutas); and (6) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imagining (M. Sereno), two components to capture two complementary neural imaging techniques, applied to normal children and adults, and to children and adults with neurological impairments and/or behaviorally defined communication disorders. All trainees specialize in (at least) two of the six areas (a major and a minor), and receive some exposure to all six areas through laboratory rotations, coursework, and activities within the UCSD Center for Research in Language. Courses and laboratory rotations are offered by a larger faculty of scientists at UCSD, San Diego State University and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. We request eight predoctoral and three postdoctoral trainees per year. Predoctoral students apply through Cognitive Science, Linguistics, Psychology, or the SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Communication Disorders, and meet all requirements for those departments. Postdoctoral trainees apply directly to the Center for Research in Language. The proposed increase of three trainees (two predoctoral, one postdoctoral) is justified by growth in the last five years in three areas: the new UCSD Neural Imaging Center, the Center for Human Development (a new research unit to study neural to cultural aspects of human development), and new opportunities in multilingual/cross-language research.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议更新语言，交流和大脑的跨学科培训计划。该计划强调认知科学和神经科学的新技术和新理论框架（例如，神经成像，实时语言处理的电生理和行为研究，语言学习和分解的计算机模拟的进展）。该计划将这个社区中大量可用的专业知识、想法、人口和技术汇集在一起，并将它们提供给对语言学习、语言使用和语言障碍背后的心理和神经机制感兴趣的年轻科学家。未来五年，该计划将由一个由七名资深科学家组成的执行委员会领导，其中包括项目主任（E. Bates），以及六个研究和培训部分的主任；(1)沟通障碍（B. Wulfeck），包括成人失语症和儿童语言障碍的研究；(2)心理语言学（D. Swinney），包括成人实时语言和加工的研究以及儿童语言学习的研究；(3)多语言和比较语言研究（M. Polinsky），一个新的组成部分，强调多语言研究（加工，学习，障碍），移民人群中“遗产”语言的丧失和再学习，以及跨类型不同语言群体的比较研究；(4)语言的神经网络研究（J. Elman），重点是在一系列关于系统结构和学习和损失背景的不同假设下模拟语言学习和语言分解；(5)事件相关脑电位（ERP） （M. Kutas）；(6)功能性磁共振成像（M. Sereno），这是两个组成部分，用于捕获两种互补的神经成像技术，适用于正常儿童和成人，以及患有神经损伤和/或行为定义的沟通障碍的儿童和成人。所有受训者都专攻（至少）六个领域中的两个（主修和辅修），并通过实验室轮岗、课程作业和加州大学圣地亚哥分校语言研究中心的活动，对所有六个领域都有一定的了解。课程和实验室轮转由加州大学圣地亚哥分校、圣地亚哥州立大学和索尔克生物研究所的一个更大的科学家团队提供。每年招收博士预科生8人，博士后3人。博士预科学生通过认知科学、语言学、心理学或圣地亚哥州立大学/加州大学圣地亚哥分校交流障碍联合博士项目申请，并满足这些部门的所有要求。博士后学员直接向语言研究中心申请。提议增加3名学员（2名博士预科生，1名博士后）的理由是，过去五年在三个领域的增长是合理的：新的加州大学圣地亚哥分校神经成像中心，人类发展中心（一个研究人类发展的神经和文化方面的新研究单位），以及多语言/跨语言研究的新机会。