Language, Communication and the Brain

语言、交流和大脑

• 批准号: 7826793
• 负责人: MARTA KUTAS
• 金额: $ 35.96万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7826793
• 关键词: Brain; Communication; Language

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose renewal of our interdisciplinary program in Language, Communication, and the Brain aimed at training a new breed of interdisciplinary, multi-method language scientist. The proposed program pulls together the expertise, ideas, populations and technologies available in abundance across this community, placing them at the disposal of young scientists interested in the mental and neural mechanisms underlying language learning, use, and disorders across the lifespan. The cross-departmental program (across 4 departments) for the next 5 years will be headed by an Executive Committee of 5 junior-senior director pairs (including program director, M. Kutas) and directors of 5 research-training components: (1) Psycholinguistics (K. Rayner, V. Ferreiera), including studies of real-time language comprehension and production, using behavioral, eye tracking, and electrophysiological measures; (2) Neuroimaging of Language (E. Halgren, R. Kluender), including ERP, MEG, fMRI, and intracranial recordings applied to normal and abnormal individuals; (3) Computational Modeling of Language (J. Elman, A. Kehler), including a broad class of modeling techniques (e.g., neural networks, statistical analysis of large scale language corpora, Bayesian models); (4) Signed Languages and Gesture (K. Emmorey, S. Coulson) studied via multiple techniques per se and as probes into the neurobiological and cognitive architectures of human language; and (5) Language Acquisition and Decline (M. Kutas, R. Mayberry), multi-method approaches to the language acquisition, learning, and use from infancy to old age. All trainees specialize in (at least) 2 of the 5 areas, with some exposure to all 5 areas through laboratory rotations, coursework, and activities within the UCSD Center for Research in Language, offered by a larger faculty of scientists at UCSD and SDSU. We request 7 pre-doctoral (increase of 1) and 2 post-doctoral (each supported for 2 years) trainees per year. The public health benefits of this training program will be to change the predominant view that language is an abstract symbol processing, rule-generating system instantiated in some brain structure to a more dynamic one in which language is a processing experience that may alter the anatomical (and associated functional) organizations of the brain regions involved in interpreting it. This changing perspective has implications for 1st and 2nd language (bilingual & immigrant) learning and remediation with normal aging and brain damage.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议更新我们的跨学科计划，旨在培养一个新的跨学科，多方法语言科学家的语言，沟通和大脑。拟议的计划汇集了整个社区丰富的专业知识，想法，人口和技术，将它们置于对语言学习，使用和整个生命周期障碍的心理和神经机制感兴趣的年轻科学家的处置。未来5年的跨部门计划（跨4个部门）将由5名初级-高级主管对（包括项目主管M。Kutas）和5个研究培训组成部分的主任：（1）心理语言学（K。Rayner，V. Ferreiera），包括实时语言理解和生产的研究，使用行为，眼动跟踪和电生理措施;（2）语言的神经成像（E。哈尔格伦河Kluender），包括ERP，MEG，fMRI和应用于正常和异常个体的颅内记录;（3）语言的计算建模（J. Elman，A. Kehler），包括广泛的建模技术（例如，神经网络、大规模语料库统计分析、贝叶斯模型）;（4）手语和手势（K. Emmorey，S. Coulson）通过多种技术本身进行研究，并作为人类语言的神经生物学和认知结构的探索;（5）语言习得和衰退（M。库塔斯河Mayberry），从婴儿期到老年的语言习得、学习和使用的多方法方法。所有学员都专注于（至少）5个领域中的2个，通过实验室轮换，课程和UCSD语言研究中心内的活动，接触所有5个领域，由UCSD和SDSU的更大的科学家学院提供。我们要求每年培养7名博士前（增加1名）和2名博士后（各支持2年）。这项培训计划对公共卫生的好处将是改变语言是一种抽象符号处理的主流观点，规则生成系统在某些大脑结构中实例化为一个更动态的系统，其中语言是一种处理经验，可以改变解剖结构，（以及相关的功能）组织的大脑区域参与解释它。这种不断变化的观点有影响的第一和第二语言（双语和移民）学习和补救与正常老化和脑损伤。