VOLTAGE CLAMP PROBE OF TASTE RESPONSES IN DEVELOPMENT

正在开发的味觉响应电压钳探针

• 批准号: 2458525
• 负责人: John A Desimone
• 金额: $ 20.52万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-08-01 至 1999-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2458525
• 关键词: age difference; developmental neurobiology; dietary potassium; dietary sodium; hamsters; laboratory rat; membrane potentials; sweetening agents; taste; taste buds; taste threshold; voltage /patch clamp

Taste is a major factor in food selection and preference. Foods containing high levels of saccharides and sodium are usually preferred over bland- tasting foods. The hedonic impact of saccharides (sweet-tasting) and sodium (salty-tasting) plays a role in the selection of foods normally regarded as nutritious. However, in some individuals the drive to satisfy these tastes results in poor food selection and abnormal eating habits having serious health consequences. The latter include obesity, bulimia, and hypertension. To understand the role of taste in feeding behavior, it is essential to have an appreciation of the physiological and biophysical processes that underlie excitation of taste sensory cells on the tongue. To help accomplish this, we have developed a method that permits recordings from taste nerves (chorda tympani) with a circumscribed portion of the dorsal lingual receptive field under voltage-clamp. The method takes advantage of the polar epithelial topology of the taste sensory mucosa to probe both the transcellular and paracellular ion pathways in taste buds. It will be used to apply voltage-perturbations (VPs) across the apical membranes of taste cells and their tight junctional barriers and to record the effects of such perturbations on the neural response. Transduction mechanisms that rely on ion flow across taste cell apical membranes can be detected under voltage-perturbation. Sodium ion is detected in this way. We shall use VPs to follow the postnatal development of the sodium-detecting taste system in rats and hamsters, two species in which changes in sensitivity to sodium approaches maturity from opposite poles, i.e. hyposensitivity in young rats and hypersensitivity in young hamsters. With VP methods, changes in ion channel density and/or sodium- channel affinity will be followed in developing rats and hamsters. VP methods are freely reversible, do not rely on pharmacological agents, and because they are assayed in the neural response, there is assurance that the applied perturbations have consequences for taste reception. VP methods will also be used to probe changes in potassium salt sensitivity with development in rats and changes in saccharide sensitivity in developing hamsters.

口味是选择和偏好食物的主要因素。食物中含有 高水平的维生素B2和钠通常比温和的更优选， 品尝食物甜味的享乐影响， 钠（咸味）通常在食物的选择中起作用 被视为营养。然而，在某些人身上， 这些味道导致不良的食物选择和不正常的饮食习惯 对健康有严重影响。后者包括肥胖，贪食， 和高血压。为了了解味觉在摄食行为中的作用， 对于了解生理和生物物理学的 舌头上味觉细胞兴奋的基础过程。 为了帮助实现这一目标，我们开发了一种方法， 来自味觉神经（鼓索）的记录（具有限定部分） 背舌感受野的电压钳记录。 述的方法 利用了味觉器官的极性上皮拓扑结构 粘膜探测跨细胞和细胞旁离子途径， 味蕾它将被用来施加电压扰动（VP）， 味细胞的顶膜及其紧密连接屏障 并记录这种扰动对神经反应的影响。 依赖于跨味觉细胞顶端的离子流的转导机制 可以在电压扰动下检测膜。钠离子 以这种方式检测。我们将使用VP来跟踪产后发育 在大鼠和仓鼠的钠检测味觉系统中， 其对钠的敏感性从相反方向接近成熟， 两极，即年轻大鼠的低敏感性和年轻大鼠的超敏性 仓鼠使用VP方法，离子通道密度和/或钠离子通道密度的变化可以被观察到。 将在发育中的大鼠和仓鼠中跟踪通道亲和力。VP 方法是自由可逆的，不依赖于药理学试剂， 因为它们是在神经反应中测定的，所以可以保证， 所施加的扰动对味觉感受具有影响。VP 方法也将用于探测钾盐敏感性的变化 随着大鼠的发育和糖敏感性的变化， 发育中的仓鼠