STRESS, APPRAISAL, AND COPING AMONG CHILDREN

儿童的压力、评价和应对方式

• 批准号: 2416034
• 负责人: JOHN C BUCKNER
• 金额: $ 7.28万
• 依托单位: BETTER HOMES FUND
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-09-30 至 1999-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2416034
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; cognition; coping; emotional adjustment; human subject; interview; low socioeconomic status; middle childhood (6-11); psychological adaptation; psychological stressor; questionnaires; social adjustment; stress management

This FIRST Award application proposes a five year study of stress, the appraisal of stress, coping, and adjustment among a sample of children and adolescents from low income (AFDC-eligible) families living in Worcester, Massachusetts. In one study component, the occurrence and nature of acute and chronic stressors experienced by these youths will be assessed. In addition, the primary and secondary appraisal processes that children undergo in recognizing and responding to psychological stress will be examined. Key aims to this study component include: (1) understanding factors that lead to an appraisal of events or stimuli that are deemed by youths as harmful, threatening, or challenging; (2) exploring the process by which children and adolescents evaluate coping options and choose a response(s); (3) describing the coping strategies and styles that are used (would be used) in responding to real and hypothetical stressors; and (4) examining developmental change in the reported use of coping strategies between two time points. In another study component, the relation between stress and adjustment will be examined with a central focus on the extent to which various coping strategies and coping styles serve a protective function and/or moderate the stress-adjustment relationship among this high risk sample. Additionally, the coping strategies/styles used by children and adolescents who appear resilient to the stressors of life in poverty will be described, specific hypotheses tested, and predictors of resiliency examined. Using data collected from respondents, a conceptual model relating coping resources and coping processes to resiliency and adjustment will also be evaluated. Results from this overall investigation could lead to a better understanding of the nature and types of stress experienced by this sample, the stress appraisal process, and coping strategies used by these at-risk youth. Data will be generated from a sample of youths living below the poverty line with results that would hold especially good potential for generalizability and applicability for the design of preventive interventions that promote competence and prevent emotional and behavioral problems, especially among children and adolescents living in poverty. Such programs, coupled with effective social policy which addresses systemic issues contributing to poverty and other social problems, could benefit the large number of children and adolescents now living in economically dire circumstances in the United States.

这个FIRST奖申请提出了一个为期五年的压力研究， 对样本儿童的压力、应对和调整进行评估， 生活在伍斯特的低收入（符合AFDC资格）家庭的青少年， 马萨诸塞州。在一个研究组成部分中， 以及这些青少年所经历的慢性压力源。在 此外，初级和次级评估过程， 在识别和应对心理压力方面所经历的过程将是 考察本研究的主要目的包括：（1）了解 导致对事件或刺激进行评估的因素， 青少年是有害的，威胁的，或具有挑战性的;（2）探索过程 儿童和青少年评估应对方案， 回应;（3）描述所使用的应对策略和风格 （将被用于）对真实的和假设的压力源作出反应;以及（4） 研究报告的应对策略使用的发展变化 在两个时间点之间。在另一项研究中， 压力和调整将被审查的程度， 各种应对策略和应对方式都起到了保护作用， 功能和/或缓和的压力调节关系，其中 高风险样本 此外，使用的应对策略/风格 儿童和青少年谁出现弹性的生活压力， 贫困将被描述，具体的假设测试，和预测 弹性测试利用从答复者收集的数据， 应对资源和应对过程与复原力的关系模型， 调整也将进行评估。 从总体上看， 调查可以导致更好地了解性质和类型 该样本所经历的压力，压力评估过程， 这些高危青年的应对策略。数据将从以下来源生成： 一个生活在贫困线以下的青年样本，其结果将 特别具有推广和适用潜力， 设计预防性干预措施，提高能力， 情绪和行为问题，特别是儿童， 生活贫困的青少年。这些方案，加上有效的 解决导致贫穷的系统性问题的社会政策， 其他社会问题，可以使大量儿童受益， 美国目前生活在经济困境中的青少年 States.