STRESS, APPRAISAL, AND COPING AMONG CHILDREN

儿童的压力、评价和应对方式

• 批准号: 2675179
• 负责人: JOHN C BUCKNER
• 金额: $ 8.56万
• 依托单位: BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-09-30 至 2001-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2675179
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; cognition; coping; emotional adjustment; human subject; interview; low socioeconomic status; middle childhood (6-11); psychological adaptation; psychological stressor; questionnaires; social adjustment; stress management

This FIRST Award application proposes a five year study of stress, the appraisal of stress, coping, and adjustment among a sample of children and adolescents from low income (AFDC-eligible) families living in Worcester, Massachusetts. In one study component, the occurrence and nature of acute and chronic stressors experienced by these youths will be assessed. In addition, the primary and secondary appraisal processes that children undergo in recognizing and responding to psychological stress will be examined. Key aims to this study component include: (1) understanding factors that lead to an appraisal of events or stimuli that are deemed by youths as harmful, threatening, or challenging; (2) exploring the process by which children and adolescents evaluate coping options and choose a response(s); (3) describing the coping strategies and styles that are used (would be used) in responding to real and hypothetical stressors; and (4) examining developmental change in the reported use of coping strategies between two time points. In another study component, the relation between stress and adjustment will be examined with a central focus on the extent to which various coping strategies and coping styles serve a protective function and/or moderate the stress-adjustment relationship among this high risk sample. Additionally, the coping strategies/styles used by children and adolescents who appear resilient to the stressors of life in poverty will be described, specific hypotheses tested, and predictors of resiliency examined. Using data collected from respondents, a conceptual model relating coping resources and coping processes to resiliency and adjustment will also be evaluated. Results from this overall investigation could lead to a better understanding of the nature and types of stress experienced by this sample, the stress appraisal process, and coping strategies used by these at-risk youth. Data will be generated from a sample of youths living below the poverty line with results that would hold especially good potential for generalizability and applicability for the design of preventive interventions that promote competence and prevent emotional and behavioral problems, especially among children and adolescents living in poverty. Such programs, coupled with effective social policy which addresses systemic issues contributing to poverty and other social problems, could benefit the large number of children and adolescents now living in economically dire circumstances in the United States.

该 FIRST 奖申请提出了一项为期五年的压力研究， 对儿童样本的压力、应对和调整进行评估 居住在伍斯特的低收入（符合 AFDC 资格）家庭的青少年， 马萨诸塞州。在一项研究中，急性发作的发生和性质 这些青少年经历的长期压力源将受到评估。在 此外，儿童的小学和中学评估过程 认识和应对心理压力将经历 检查了。本研究部分的主要目标包括：(1) 理解 导致对事件或刺激进行评估的因素 对青少年有害、具有威胁性或具有挑战性； (2)探索过程 儿童和青少年评估应对方案并选择 回应； (3) 描述所使用的应对策略和方式 （将用于）应对真实和假设的压力源；和（4） 检查所报告的应对策略使用的发展变化 两个时间点之间。在另一个研究部分中，之间的关系 将审查压力和调整，重点关注其程度 各种应对策略和应对方式起到保护作用 功能和/或缓和这之间的压力调节关系 高风险样本。 此外，所使用的应对策略/风格 表现出对生活压力有弹性的儿童和青少年 将描述贫困，检验具体假设，并预测贫困 弹性检查。使用从受访者那里收集的数据，一个概念性的 将应对资源和应对过程与复原力和 调整也将被评估。 总体结果 调查可以更好地了解性质和类型 该样本所经历的压力、压力评估过程以及 这些高危青少年所使用的应对策略。数据将生成自 生活在贫困线以下的青年样本，其结果将 具有特别好的普遍性和适用性潜力 设计预防性干预措施，以提高能力并预防 情绪和行为问题，尤其是儿童和 生活在贫困中的青少年。此类计划加上有效的 解决导致贫困和贫困的系统性问题的社会政策 其他社会问题可能使大量儿童受益 美国的青少年现在生活在经济困难的环境中 国家。