IMAGING STUDIES OF LEARNING AND MEMORY

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）： 一项提议的研究是利用神经成像来表征大脑区域 与外显记忆和技能学习有关。 这笔赠款 设计了4组实验： 1. 为了描述特定大脑区域与以下方面的关系， 存储器编码 提出实验来测试是否存在直接的 背侧额叶和内侧颞叶皮层与外显 编码，如果是，什么类型的信息或任务需求是相关的 到特定区域（例如，左背额叶和 皮质和言语信息的编码）。 2. 为了测试在记忆过程中特定处理区域的重新激活， 检索 在神经科学中， 记忆是这样的，在提取过程中，处理特定信息的神经元 编码期间的信息将被“重新激活”（例如，听觉神经元 当一个人试图记住一个声音时，处理区域将被激活）。 然而，测试这一想法的实验取得了好坏参半的成功。 实验提出了一个强有力的测试这一说法。 3. 描述大脑区域对技能的具体贡献 学习 实验提出更充分地表征关系 不同地区的不同类型的信息用于技能 在单一任务上的采集（设计跟踪）。 其他技能学习 实验探索用于执行的程序的抽象级别 这项任务的不同版本，以及与之相关的功能解剖学， 信息. 4. 为了研究外显记忆需求对功能记忆的影响， 技能学习任务的剖析。 最后一系列的实验着眼于 外显记忆和程序记忆之间的关系， 要求主体完成学习任务。 目在于提供一种 更好地理解明确的需求如何相互作用， 与技能学习和功能解剖学相关联 这些影响。 其次，这些操作可能会提供有用的 关于如何学习特定技能的信息可以通过 平行的功能解剖通路。 该补助金的主要目的是 对神经机制的基本理解， 学习和记忆。 然而，了解这些问题的一个有益结果是， 各种子系统是发展特定康复的能力， 战略的基础上，更全面地了解许多平行 所涉及的系统，以及它们之间的相互作用。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): The major goal of the proposed research is to employ neuroimaging to characterize brain areas related to aspects of explicit memory and skill learning. This grant proposes 4 sets of experiments designed: 1. To characterize the relationship of specific brain regions to aspects of memory encoding. Experiments are proposed to test if there is a direct relationship of dorsal frontal and medial temporal cortex to explicit encoding, and if so, what types of information or task demands are related to specific areas (e.g., a specific relationship between left dorsal frontal cortex and the encoding of verbal information). 2. To test for reactivation of specific processing regions during memory retrieval. A commonly and strongly held belief in the neuroscience of memory is the idea that, during retrieval, neurons that processed specific information during encoding will be "reactivated" (e.g., neurons in auditory processing areas will be activated when a person tries to remember a voice). Experiments testing this idea, however, have met with mixed success. Experiments are proposed to provide a strong test of this claim. 3. To characterize the specific contributions of brain areas to the skill learning. Experiments are proposed to characterize more fully the relation of different regions to distinct types of information used in skill acquisition on a single task (design tracing). Other skill learning experiments explore the level of abstraction of programs used to perform different versions of this task, and the functional anatomy related to the information. 4. To examine the effects of explicit memory demands on the functional anatomy of skill learning tasks. A final series of experiments looks at the relation between the explicit and procedural memory by placing explicit demands on subjects performing a learning task. The purpose is to provide a better understanding of how explicit demands interact both beneficially and detrimentally with skill learning, and the functional anatomy associated with these effects. Second, these manipulations may provide useful information about how learning a particular skill may be implemented through parallel functional anatomical pathways. The main purpose of this grant is to develop a basic understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory. However, one beneficial outcome of understanding the various subsystems is the ability to develop specific rehabilitation strategies based on a more complete understanding of the many parallel systems involved, and the interactions between them.