NASAL PRODUCTION OF NITRIC OXIDE

描述（改编自申请人摘要）：Dr. DuBois 发现空气中一氧化氮气体的浓度 从鼻子慢慢地在人是一千倍更集中（12 百万分之一），而不是来自人类的呼出空气的可比样品 肺（十亿分之十二）。本建议的总体目标是 找出一氧化氮在鼻腔中产生的位置， 它是如何产生的，它是如何随着异常而变化的，以及它是否为一个 在保持健康或对抗鼻部疾病方面的有用目的 腔为了实现这项提案的广泛目标，杜波依斯博士首先 测量了鼻腔中一氧化氮的产生和清除率， 然后开始调查一氧化氮的浓度， 大鼠、豚鼠、猫、狗、猪和猴子的鼻子。他现在有 从鼻腔中收集细胞和组织， 这些酶是参与一氧化氮合成的特殊酶。 在上皮细胞中染色和定位酶，如iNOS和cNOS， 细胞，内皮细胞或神经组织，研究小组将比较 一氧化氮产生和/或破坏的体外速率 在体内测量，考虑到鼻子的尺寸及其 一氧化氮在动物和人体组织中的功能作用 鼻腔将不仅从其位置推断， 合成和有关组织的类型，但也从药理学 和一氧化氮合成的生化刺激或抑制， 增强或抑制宿主防御机制，包括 免疫、过敏、细胞和血管。因为鼻腔 是吸入颗粒、微生物制剂 过敏原、刺激物、气味和有毒气体进入呼吸道， 鼻粘膜对这些物质的反应 说明吸入的是什么以及身体对它的反应。申请人 推测一氧化氮，一种普遍存在的介质，可能介导了一些 宿主的反应，并通过抑制细菌的生长， 抵抗微生物入侵。他们的研究旨在找出 以上问题的答案。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the applicant's abstract): Dr DuBois has discovered that the concentration of nitric oxide gas in air withdrawn slowly from the nose in man is one thousand times more concentrated (12 parts per million) than a comparable sample of expired air from human lungs (12 parts per billion). The overall aim of this proposal is to find out where the nitric oxide arises in the nasal cavity, what tissues generate it, how it varies with abnormality, and whether it serves a useful purpose in maintaining health or combating disease of the nasal cavity. To accomplish the broad aims of this proposal, Dr. DuBois first measured the rate of production and removal of nitric oxide in the nasal cavity of man, then began a survey of nitric oxide concentrations in noses of rats, guinea pigs, cats, dogs, pigs, and monkeys. He now has to collect cells and tissues from the nasal cavity in order to stain these for specific enzymes that take part in nitric oxide synthesis. Having stained and located enzymes, such as iNOS and cNOS, in epithelial cells, endothelial cells, or neural tissue the team will compare the rate of nitric oxide production and/or destruction in vitro with the rates measured in vivo, taking into account the dimensions of the nose and its tissues in animals and man. The functional role of nitric oxide in the nasal cavity will be deduced not only from the location of its synthesis, and type of tissue concerned, but also from pharmacological and biochemical stimulation or suppression of nitric oxide synthesis and enhancement or suppression of host- defense mechanisms including immunologic, allergic, cellular, and vascular. Because nasal passages are the entrance point for inhaled particles, microbial agents, allergens, irritants, odors, and toxic gases into the respiratory tract, the response of the membranes in the nose to those substances can indicate what is inhaled and how the body reacts to it. The applicants speculate that nitric oxide, a ubiquitous mediator, may mediate some of the host responses, and, by suppressing bacterial growth, may help resist microbial invasion. Their studies are designed to find out the answers to the above questions.