MATURATION OF RESPIRATORY NEURAL SITES: RELATION TO SIDS

研究计划将使用最新的技术来评估神经 活动，即本征光学成像的活动，与单个神经元一起 和表面记录。这项研究计划将检查嘴部大脑如何 发育中动物睡眠时影响呼吸控制的区域 这样就可以了解受害者呼吸衰竭的机制 小岛屿发展中国家。状态影响修改了来自吻部大脑的下行输入 区域到特定的脑干呼吸区，并将发育中的 通过差异增强使机体面临阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的风险 横隔膜对上呼吸道的作用；吻部影响的程度 随着发展而变化。在吻侧脑区中，前部 下丘脑/视前区对呼吸的影响 调节对呼吸部位的热影响。睡眠状态可以 减少或取消下降的热驱动，从而钝化大型 唤醒介导的上呼吸道肌肉活动的成分。我们会 检查下丘脑前部神经活动的发育情况 通过1)检查小猫3岁时的呼吸模式 视前部/下丘脑前部和前部的“自发”神经活动 在雨夹雪和清醒时，颧弓肌肉的运动柱中， 并将这种活动与上呼吸道和横隔膜的拍打联系起来， 和2)在视前区/下丘脑前部诱发活动 环境和局部变暖的头端大脑部位，并检查 对局部和脑干神经相互作用的综合影响 整体活动度将通过本征光学成像进行评估 程序。呼吸道依赖将通过交叉- 细胞放电与横隔膜和鞋面图案的关系 呼吸道扩张器(环踝后)；退行性手术将 确定与呼吸周期各方面的关系以及与 血压。诱发活动将包括视前增温。 在每一次呼吸过程中控制温度以驱动呼吸的区域 睡眠觉醒状态、分级低氧和高碳酸血症 挑战和药理升压刺激。

The research program will use the latest technology for assessing neural activity, that of intrinsic optical imaging, together with single neuron and surface recording. The research plan will examine how rostral brain areas affect respiratory control during sleep in the development animal so that mechanisms of respiratory failure can be understood in victims of SIDS. State influences modify descending input from rostral brain regions to specific brainstem respiratory areas, and place the developing organism at risk for obstructive sleep apnea by differentially enhancing diaphragmatic over upper airway action.; the extent of rostral influences vary with development. Among rostral brain areas, the anterior hypothalamus/preoptic area exters substantial breathing influence by mediating thermal influences to respiratory sites. Sleep states can diminish or abolish descending thermal drive, thus blunting a large component of arousal-mediated upper airway muscle activation. We will examine the development of anterior hypothalamic neural activity to respiratory patterns at 3 ages in the kitten by 1) examining "spontaneous" neural activity in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus and in the motor column of branchial arch muscles during sleet and waking, and relating this activity to upper airway and diaphragmatic pattering, and 2) evoking activity in preoptic/anterior hypothalamic regions by environmental and local warming of the rostral brain site, and examining the resultant influences on local and brain stem neural interactions and overall activity will be assessed with intrinsic optical imaging procedures. Respiratory dependencies will be determined by cross- correlating cell discharge with patterning of the diaphragm and an upper airway dilator (the posterior cricoarytenoid); regression procedures will determine relationships with aspects of the respiratory cycle and with blood pressure. Evoked activity will include warming of the preoptic region to manipulate temperature "drive" to respiration during each sleep-waking state, graded hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory challenges, and pharmacologic pressor stimulation.