NEURONAL CORRELATES OF MEMORY IN THE HUMAN TEMPORAL LOBE

描述(申请人摘要)：这是一项关于人类记忆的研究 清醒状态下海马区及邻近区域的神经元水平 人类受试者。这一提议的核心是医疗机构的独特作用 意识提取中的颞叶结构。神经细胞的基础 这种作用是未知的，而且几乎不可能在动物身上进行研究，因为 人类是唯一可以“宣告”他们的记忆的物种。 这项研究是基于记录单个单位活动的独特机会 醒着的顽固性癫痫患者的手术室外 他们植入了深度电极，以便更精确地定位 致痫灶。利用立体定向的最新进展，由 磁共振成像，携带微电极束的电极 植入了包括杏仁核在内的五个内侧颞叶部位， 前海马区、中海马区、内嗅皮层和后脑区 海马区旁回。因此，可以记录单个单位的活动 在呈现记忆的过程中同时在精确定义的位置 任务。 这项研究的中心假设与海马体在脑内的作用有关。 对信息进行编码和检索。它规定：1) 海马体结构，以及内嗅区和旁海马区 大脑皮层，构成一个神经元矩阵，在某种情况下--和 依赖时间的方式，将刺激的复杂属性绑定到记忆中 痕迹。2)这种记忆痕迹在以下情况下影响海马神经元的活动 刺激是显式的，但不是隐含的，稍后才会恢复。3) 外显提取过程中的神经元活动取决于 对取回线索的原始刺激。 实验设计的重点是神经元的直接比较。 隐匿性脑缺血时海马区及相关结构的活动 对语言和非语言信息的显式检索。这是 通过两种范例完成，一种使用词干疗法，另一种使用词干疗法 使用结构上可能的和不可能的数字。 还将使用另外两个任务：一个是延迟的不匹配到 使用面孔、物体和工作刺激的样本任务；另一个是插曲任务 识别任务，旨在检查长期痕迹的持久性 海马体及其邻近区域。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): This is a study of human memory at the neuronal level in the hippocampus and neighboring regions in conscious awake human subjects. At the center of this proposal is the unique role of medial temporal lobe structures in conscious retrieval. The neuronal basis for this role is unknown and is virtually impossible to study in animals, since humans are the only species that can "declare" their memory. The study is based on unique opportunity to record single unit activity outside the operating theater in awake patients with intractable seizures who are implanted with depth electrodes for more precise localization of the epileptogenic focus. Using recent advances in stereotaxis guided by magnetic resonance imaging, electrodes carrying bundles of microelectrodes are implanted in five medial temporal lobe sites including amygdala, anterior hippocampus, middle hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and posterior parahippocampal gyrus. thus, single unit activity can be recorded simultaneously at precisely defined sites during presentation of memory tasks. The central hypothesis of the study pertains to the role of hippocampus in both encoding and retrieval of information. It states that: 1) The hippocampal formation, together with entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices, constitutes a neuronal matrix that, in a context- and time-dependent fashion, binds complex attributes of stimuli into a memory trace. 2) This memory trace then affects hippocampal neuronal activity when the stimulus is explicitly, but not implicitly, retrieved later. 3) Neuronal activity during explicit retrieval depends on the similarity of the original stimulus to the retrieval cue. The focus of the experimental design is upon direct comparison of neuronal activity in the hippocampus and associated structures during implicit and explicit retrieval of verbal and nonverbal information. This is accomplished through two paradigms, one using word-stem cures and the other using structurally possible and impossible figures. Two other tasks will be used as well: one is the delayed non-match to sample task using face, object and work stimuli; the other is an episodic recognition task designed to examine the persistence of long-term traces in the hippocampus and its neighboring regions.