HIPPOCAMPAL AND CORTICAL MEMORY STSYEMS

令人信服的证据表明，海马体结构和 严重相关的内侧颞叶皮质区域 参与学习和记忆。然而，目前尚不清楚 该系统的各个组件对于正常运行都同样重要 在学习和记忆方面存在明显的共识 这些结构提供了特定的助记处理功能。这个 拟议的研究将在一系列研究中解决这些问题， 猕猴(Macaca Fascularis)。正在调查的主要假说 就是海马体和内嗅区、周脑区和旁海马区 大脑皮层调节学习和记忆的不同和可分离的方面。 这一说法表明，海马体选择性地参与存储 表示内存中的项之间的关系，并支持 能够灵活地使用这个代表性组织在制定 根据记忆做出的推论和概括。脑组织的皮质成分 系统被视为从属于不同的功能，涉及 在超出即时范围的延迟情况下维护信息 记忆。为了评估这一提议，新的行为测试程序将 被开发用于检查关系记忆过程和灵活的 猴子记忆的表现。一组任务将在 使用为评估配对员工而设计的程序的手动测试设备 学习、学习和记忆层级关系，以及 顺序学习。另一组任务将使用大型打开 田野迷宫提供了第一个系统的学习评估和 自由活动的猴子对空间关系的记忆。探测测试将 包含在每个程序中，以确认性能是基于 关系记忆过程。更标准的行为结果 学习和记忆任务(延迟的样本不匹配和保留 对象歧视)将提供基准数据以评估 关系记忆任务对海马区的敏感性和选择性 系统损坏。拟议的项目将利用这一新的 开发测试电池以定义特定的内存处理功能 由海马体系统的单个组件提供支持。各别 成群的猴子将准备好选择性的穹隆或穹隆损伤 海马体(包括齿状回和下回，复合体)。或 同时伴有海马区周围和旁皮质的联合损伤。 来自这些小组的行为结果将与 累及海马区和大脑皮层的较大病变 这个系统。内部进一步实现功能专业化的潜力 海马体系统将在实验中进行评估 选择性内嗅觉、周围或旁海马区的后果 皮质损伤。综上所述，这些研究应该会导致更多 由个体调节的记忆功能的精确规范 海马体系统的组成部分，并应有助于引入 来自实验动物模型的通信结果和 人类健忘症的神经心理学研究。

Compelling evidence has demonstrated that the hippocampal formation and closely associated cortical regions in the medial temporal lobe critically participate in learning and memory. It remains unclear however whether the individual components of this system are all equally important for normal learning and memory and there is a marked lack of consensus concerning the specific mnemonic processing functions subserved by these structures. The proposed research will address these issues in a series of studies in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). The principal hypothesis under investigation is that the hippocampus and the entorhinal, perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices mediate distinct and dissociable aspects of learning and memory. This account suggests the hippocampus selectively participates in storing representations of the relationships between items in memory, and supports the ability to use this representational organization flexibly in making inferences and generalizations from memory. The cortical components of the system are viewed as subserving a different function involving the maintenance of information over delays that exceed the span of immediate memory. To evaluate this proposal, new behavioral testing procedures will be developed for examining relational memory processes and the flexible expression of memory in monkeys. One set of tasks will be conducted in a manual test apparatus using procedures designed to assess paired associate learning, learning and memory for hierarchical relationships, and sequential order learning. Another set of tasks will utilize a large open field maze to provide the first systematic evaluation of learning and memory for spatial relations in the freely moving monkey. Probe tests will be incorporated in each procedure to confirm that performance is based on relational memory processes. Behavioral results from more standard learning and memory tasks (delayed non-matching-to-sample and retention of object discriminations) will provide baseline data for assessing the sensitivity and selectivity of relational memory tasks to hippocampal system damage. The proposed project will capitalize on this newly developed test battery to define the specific memory processing functions subserved by individual components of the hippocampal system. Separate groups of monkeys will be prepared with selective lesions of the fornix or the hippocampus (including the dentate gyrus and subicular,complex). or with combined damage to the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices. Behavioral results from these groups will be compared with the effects of larger lesions involving both the hippocampal and cortical components of the system. The potential for further functional specialization within the hippocampal system will be evaluated in experiments examining the consequences of selective entorhinal, perirhinal, or parahippocampal cortical lesions. Taken together, these studies should lead to a more precise specification of the memory functions mediated by individual components of the hippocampal system, and should help bring into correspondence results from laboratory animal models and neuropsychological research on human amnesia.