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PARALLEL INFO PROCESSING CHANNELS OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM

视觉系统的并行信息处理通道

基本信息

批准号：
2701336
负责人：
Peter H Schiller
金额：
$ 32.88万
依托单位：
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1979
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1979-05-01 至 1999-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Information is processed along several parallel channels in the primate visual system. Some of these channels have been amply characterized with physiological and anatomical methods. In spite of this, at present we have only limited knowledge of the functions of these channels and why they have emerged in the course of evolution. The purpose of the proposed work is to obtain new evidence as to the function of two sets of channels in the visual system, the ON and OFF channels and the color-opponent and broad- band channels. To accomplish our aim, we have developed methods which allow us to reversibly or permanently inactivate some of these channels at various levels in the visual system using either pharmacological agents or lesions. Employing a combination of physiological and psychophysical methods we can then proceed to determine the neural responses and the visual capacities of monkeys while their visual system is intact or while one of the channels is blocked. The physiological methods we use are the electroretinogram and single-unit recordings in various parts of the visual system. The psychophysical methods we use involve training animals on a variety of detection and discrimination tasks allowing us to obtain reliable measures of the following visual capacities: color and luminance contrast sensitivities, stereopsis, acuity, pattern perception, motion perception and flicker sensitivity. Central to this effort is our ability to obtain psychophysical functions for specific retinal locations which we believe is an essential requirement for this kind of work. The findings of this research on the neural mechanisms of vision should provide significant new hints about the nature, cause and locus of visual deficits in patients, especially as it pertains to binocular vision where defects are most common in our society.

中的几个并行通道处理信息灵长类视觉系统。其中一些渠道已经足够以生理和解剖学方法为特点的。尽管其中，目前我们对其功能的了解还很有限这些渠道以及它们为什么会在进化论。拟议工作的目的是获得新的关于视觉中两组经络功能的证据系统，打开和关闭通道，以及颜色对手和广泛的- 频段频道。为了实现我们的目标，我们开发了一些方法它允许我们可逆地或永久地停用一些在视觉系统中的不同级别的这些通道使用药理剂或损伤。采用以下组合然后我们可以继续使用生理和心理物理方法测定猴子的神经反应和视觉能力当他们的视觉系统完好无损时，或者当其中一个通道是被屏蔽的。我们使用的生理学方法是不同部位的视网膜电流图和单单位记录视觉系统。我们使用的心理物理方法包括训练动物完成各种检测和辨别任务使我们能够获得以下视觉效果的可靠测量容量：颜色和亮度对比敏感度，立体视觉、敏锐度、图案知觉、运动知觉和闪烁灵敏度。这一努力的核心是我们有能力获取特定视网膜位置的心理物理功能我们认为这是这类工作的基本要求。这项关于视觉神经机制的研究结果应该会提供一些重要的新线索，比如患者的视力缺陷，特别是当它与双目视觉是我们社会中最常见的缺陷。