HIV RELATED RISK AMONG NEW INJECTION DRUG USERS

描述：（申请人摘要） 这项申请要求3年的资金，以进行全面的 对新的注射毒品使用者的研究。 这些用户是 遏制艾滋病流行，但在很大程度上被忽视 调查人员和干预者。 横断面研究设计 采用巢式病例对照研究和巢式民族志， 收集定量和定性数据。 该研究将描述和 比较非洲裔美国人、西班牙裔和白色非西班牙裔男性和女性， 新的喷油器与其他长期喷油器和其他 非注射吸毒者。 900名街头招募的吸毒者的分层样本 用户（每个用户组内300名）将入组研究， 126个嵌套分层样本（每个用户组内43个）将被 被选入民族志 具体目标有三个：1）估计 并比较这三组吸毒者的HIV-1血清阳性率。 将采用标准流行病学技术。 2)描述，模型， 并比较这些人的HIV-1相关注射和性危险行为， 三组用户。 定量（结构化面试）和 定性（录音采访和实地观察）方法将 就业。 3)确定与启动相关的因素 注射毒品使用，并确定和描述不同类型的新的 注射器 新型注射剂与非注射剂的病例对照研究 药物使用者将使用标准的模型因素开始注射 病例对照方法。 一个民族志的过程，成为一个 将进行注射。 特定性别和特定种族/民族 将对每个具体目标进行分析。 最终目标是 全面了解新型喷油器， 充分说明个人和社会特征和情况， 是干预计划的最佳目标。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) This application requests 3 years of funding to conduct a comprehensive study of new injection drug users. These users are a barrier to the containment of the AIDS epidemic but for the most part have been overlooked by investigators and interventionists. A cross-sectional research design with a nested case-control study and a nested ethnography is proposed to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The study will describe and compare African American, Hispanic, and white non-Hispanic men and women who are new injectors with other longer term injectors and with other non-injection drug users. A stratified sample of 900 street-recruited drug users (300 within each user group) will be enrolled in the study from which a nested stratified sample of 126 (43 within each user group) will be selected for the ethnography. There are three specific aims: 1) Estimate and compare the seroprevalence of HIV-1 among these three groups of users. Standard epidemiological techniques will be employed. 2) Describe, model, and compare the HIV-1 related injection and sex risk behaviors of these three groups of users. Both quantitative (structured interview) and qualitative (audio-taped interviews and field observation) methods will be employed. 3) Identify the factors associated with the initiation of injection drug use, and identify and describe distinct types of new injectors. A case-control study of new injectors and other non-injection drug users will model factors for the initiation of injection using standard case-control methodology. An ethnography of the process of becoming an injector will be conducted. Gender specific and race/ethnicity specific analyses will be conducted for each specific aim. The ultimate objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of new injectors which will more fully specify the personal and social characteristics and circumstances that represent the most appropriate target for intervention programs.