HIV RELATED RISK AMONG NEW INJECTION DRUG USERS

描述：（申请人摘要） 该申请需要 3 年的资金来进行全面的 新注射吸毒者的研究。 这些用户是阻碍 艾滋病流行的遏制，但大部分都被忽视了 由调查人员和干预主义者。 横断面研究设计 建议通过巢式病例对照研究和巢式人种学研究 收集定量和定性数据。 该研究将描述并 比较非裔美国人、西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人男性和女性 是新的喷油器与其他长期喷油器和其他 非注射吸毒者。 900名街头招募毒品的分层样本 用户（每个用户组内 300 名）将被纳入研究，其中 126 个嵌套分层样本（每个用户组内 43 个）将是 被选为民族志。 有三个具体目标： 1) 估计 并比较这三组使用者中 HIV-1 的血清流行率。 将采用标准流行病学技术。 2) 描述、建模、 并比较这些人的 HIV-1 相关注射和性风险行为 三组用户。 定量（结构化访谈）和 定性（录音访谈和实地观察）方法将 受雇。 3) 确定与启动相关的因素 注射毒品使用，并识别和描述不同类型的新毒品 注射器。 新注射器和其他非注射器的病例对照研究 吸毒者将使用标准对开始注射的因素进行建模 病例对照方法。 成为一个人的过程的民族志 将进行注射。 特定性别和特定种族/民族 将对每个具体目标进行分析。 最终目标是 提供对新型喷油器的全面了解，这将更多 充分说明个人和社会的特征和情况 代表干预计划最合适的目标。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) This application requests 3 years of funding to conduct a comprehensive study of new injection drug users. These users are a barrier to the containment of the AIDS epidemic but for the most part have been overlooked by investigators and interventionists. A cross-sectional research design with a nested case-control study and a nested ethnography is proposed to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The study will describe and compare African American, Hispanic, and white non-Hispanic men and women who are new injectors with other longer term injectors and with other non-injection drug users. A stratified sample of 900 street-recruited drug users (300 within each user group) will be enrolled in the study from which a nested stratified sample of 126 (43 within each user group) will be selected for the ethnography. There are three specific aims: 1) Estimate and compare the seroprevalence of HIV-1 among these three groups of users. Standard epidemiological techniques will be employed. 2) Describe, model, and compare the HIV-1 related injection and sex risk behaviors of these three groups of users. Both quantitative (structured interview) and qualitative (audio-taped interviews and field observation) methods will be employed. 3) Identify the factors associated with the initiation of injection drug use, and identify and describe distinct types of new injectors. A case-control study of new injectors and other non-injection drug users will model factors for the initiation of injection using standard case-control methodology. An ethnography of the process of becoming an injector will be conducted. Gender specific and race/ethnicity specific analyses will be conducted for each specific aim. The ultimate objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of new injectors which will more fully specify the personal and social characteristics and circumstances that represent the most appropriate target for intervention programs.