HIV RELATED RISK AMONG NEW INJECTION DRUG USERS

描述：(申请人摘要) 这项申请需要3年的资金来进行全面的 新的注射吸毒者的研究。这些用户是 遏制艾滋病流行，但在很大程度上被忽视了 由调查人员和干预者实施。横断面研究设计 通过嵌套病例对照研究和嵌套人种学，建议 收集定量和定性数据。这项研究将描述和 比较非洲裔美国人、西班牙裔和白人非西班牙裔男性和女性 新的喷油器是否带有其他较长期的喷油器和其他 非注射吸毒者。街头招募的900种毒品的分层抽样 用户(每个用户组中的300个)将在以下研究中注册 126个嵌套分层样本(每个用户组中43个)将为 被选中进行人种学研究。具体目标有三个：1)估算 并比较了这三组使用者中HIV-1的血清阳性率。 将采用标准的流行病学技术。2)描述、建模、 并比较了这些人的HIV-1相关注射和性危险行为 三组用户。量化(结构化面试)和 定性(录音访谈和实地观察)方法将是 受雇的。3)确定与启动 注射毒品的使用，并识别和描述不同类型的新药物 注射器。新型注射器与其他非注射器的病例对照研究 吸毒者将使用标准建模开始注射的因素 病例对照研究方法。一种关于成为一名 将进行喷射器。按性别区分和按种族/族裔区分 将针对每个具体目标进行分析。最终目标是 全面了解新的喷油器，这些喷油器将 充分说明以下个人和社会特征及情况 代表干预计划最合适的目标。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) This application requests 3 years of funding to conduct a comprehensive study of new injection drug users. These users are a barrier to the containment of the AIDS epidemic but for the most part have been overlooked by investigators and interventionists. A cross-sectional research design with a nested case-control study and a nested ethnography is proposed to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The study will describe and compare African American, Hispanic, and white non-Hispanic men and women who are new injectors with other longer term injectors and with other non-injection drug users. A stratified sample of 900 street-recruited drug users (300 within each user group) will be enrolled in the study from which a nested stratified sample of 126 (43 within each user group) will be selected for the ethnography. There are three specific aims: 1) Estimate and compare the seroprevalence of HIV-1 among these three groups of users. Standard epidemiological techniques will be employed. 2) Describe, model, and compare the HIV-1 related injection and sex risk behaviors of these three groups of users. Both quantitative (structured interview) and qualitative (audio-taped interviews and field observation) methods will be employed. 3) Identify the factors associated with the initiation of injection drug use, and identify and describe distinct types of new injectors. A case-control study of new injectors and other non-injection drug users will model factors for the initiation of injection using standard case-control methodology. An ethnography of the process of becoming an injector will be conducted. Gender specific and race/ethnicity specific analyses will be conducted for each specific aim. The ultimate objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of new injectors which will more fully specify the personal and social characteristics and circumstances that represent the most appropriate target for intervention programs.