SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY & MEMORY FOR ASYMMETRIC EVENTS

信号检测理论

• 批准号: 2675472
• 负责人: JOHN T WIXTED
• 金额: $ 6.47万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-01 至 1999-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2675472
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; color visions; ethology; light intensity; memory; neural information processing; pigeons; psychological reinforcement; psychological tests; sensory discrimination; sensory signal detection; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): The proposed research is designed to test a theoretical analysis of animal memory for asymmetric events on signal detection theory. Most animal memory procedures require a delayed discrimination between two events of roughly equal salience, but several seemingly unrelated lines of research have arranged memory tests for inherently unequal events. Examples include (a) memory for the presence vs. absence of an event, (b) memory for event duration (e.g., short vs. long), and memory for stimuli from different sensory modalities (e.g., tone vs. light). The proposed research tests a new theory of animal memory that attempts to provide a unified explanation for an interesting pattern of results common to each of these areas. That analysis may offer a general theory of memory for asymmetric events. The basic methodology used in most of the proposed experiments involves presenting one of two events that differ in salience, followed by a delay, followed by the presentation of two alternatives (red and green choice stimuli). A response to one color is reinforced with food on trials beginning with the less salient sample while a response to the other color is reinforced on trials beginning with the more salient sample. The discriminations to be tested include presence vs. absence, short vs. long duration, and tone vs. light. The signal detection analysis assumes that, in each case, the less salient stimulus is more like "nothing" than the more salient event. Several experiments are proposed to test this and related ideas. Additional experiments will investigate the mathematical form of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) function. This approach has been used extensively in the human perception and human memory literatures to test the signal detection framework against competing accounts, and the same strategy is warranted here. The signal detection framework has been used to interpret findings from other studies on human recognition memory for more than two decades, but the use of this approach in the study of animal memory is comparatively rare. Identifying similarities and differences between animal and human memory is complicated by the absence of a coherent theoretical framework common to both species. Signal detection theory may offer one such framework, thereby facilitating the development of relevant animal models of memory impairment in humans.

描述（改编自申请人摘要）：拟议的研究是 旨在测试动物记忆的理论分析， 信号检测理论 大多数动物记忆程序需要 两个显著性大致相等的事件之间的延迟区分，但是 几项看似无关的研究安排了记忆测试， 本质上不平等的事件 示例包括（a）用于存在的存储器与 不存在事件，（B）存储事件持续时间（例如，短对长）， 以及对来自不同感觉模态的刺激的记忆（例如，音调与 光）。 这项拟议中的研究测试了一种新的动物记忆理论， 试图为一个有趣的模式提供一个统一的解释， 这是每个领域共同的结果。 这一分析可以提供一个普遍的 非对称事件的记忆理论 大多数拟议实验中使用的基本方法包括 呈现两个显著性不同的事件之一，然后是延迟， 然后是两个备选方案（红色和绿色选择）的介绍 刺激）。 对一种颜色的反应是加强与食物的试验 从不太突出的样本开始，而对另一种颜色的响应 在从更显著的样本开始的试验中得到了加强。 的 待测试的区分包括存在与不存在、短与长 持续时间和色调与光线。 信号检测分析假设， 在每种情况下，不太突出的刺激更像是“没有”，而不是更突出的刺激。 突出事件。 提出了几个实验来测试这一点和相关的 想法. 附加的实验将调查的数学形式的 受试者工作特征（ROC）函数。 这种方法已经 广泛用于人类感知和人类记忆文献， 针对竞争账户测试信号检测框架， 战略在这里是有道理的。 信号检测框架已被用来解释的结果， 其他关于人类识别记忆的研究已经进行了二十多年，但是， 在动物记忆的研究中使用这种方法是比较罕见的。 识别动物和人类记忆之间的相似性和差异是 由于缺乏一个连贯的理论框架， 两个物种。 信号检测理论可以提供一个这样的框架，从而 促进记忆障碍的相关动物模型的开发 在人类身上。