On the Nature of Recollection

描述（由申请人提供）：识别记忆被认为是基于两个过程，回忆和熟悉。拟议的研究将调查这两个过程之一，即，回忆过程的对比意见。如何最好地概念化回忆的问题对于记忆的计算模型和神经心理学模型具有根本的重要性。有一种观点，也是目前最普遍的观点，认为回忆是一个门槛过程，因为每当回忆发生时，它都带有很高的信心，即一个项目以前见过。这个想法在某些模型中是明确的，但它也隐含在流行的记住/知道程序的基础思想中。另一种观点是回忆是一个连续的过程（即，回忆是分等级的，包括很小的等级）。这种解释与信号检测理论是一致的，它认为回忆可以与低、中或高的置信度（和准确性）相关联，这取决于与测试项目相关联的回忆程度。认知神经科学文献中备受瞩目的争论的解决在很大程度上取决于对这个关于回忆过程本质的问题的解决。行为方法，包括ROC分析，关系记忆程序，以及记住/知道程序的变化将被用来解决这个问题。在其中几个实验中，问题的关键在于，即使在准确率低、信心低、受试者声称回忆不存在的情况下，回忆是否会发生。公共卫生相关性：记忆缺陷现在被认为是几种精神疾病的核心特征，特别是精神分裂症。通常用于进一步理解这些记忆缺陷的方法几乎完全基于可能无效的记忆模型。这项研究将记忆模型与另一种长期存在的模型信号检测理论进行了对比。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recognition memory is thought to be based on two processes, recollection and familiarity. The proposed research will investigate contrasting views of one of these two processes, namely, the recollection process. The question of how best to conceptualize recollection is of fundamental importance to computational models and neuropsychological models of memory. One view, which is by far the most common view, holds that recollection is a threshold process in that whenever it occurs, it carries with it high confidence that an item was seen before. This idea is explicit in some models, but it is also implicit in the thinking that underlies the popular Remember/Know procedure. An alternative view is that recollection is a continuous process (i.e., recollection comes in degrees, including very small degrees). This account is compatible with signal-detection theory, and it holds that recollection can be associated with low, medium or high degrees of confidence (and accuracy), depending on the degree of recollection associated with the test item. The resolution of high-profile debates in the cognitive neuroscience literature hinges to a large extent on a resolution of this question concerning the nature of the recollection process. Behavioral methods, including ROC analysis, relational memory procedures, and variations of the Remember/Know procedure will be used to address this problem. In several of these experiments, the crux of the issue is whether recollection occurs even when accuracy is low, confidence is low, and subjects claim that recollection absent. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Memory deficits are now recognized to be a core feature of several mental illnesses, especially schizophrenia. The methods that are typically used to further our understanding of these memory deficits are almost exclusively based on a model of memory that may not be valid. The proposed work tests that model of memory against an alternative and long-standing model known as signal-detection theory.