ADOLESCENT BLOOD PRESSURE AND ANGER--ETHNIC DIFFERENCES

高血压影响着60，99万美国人，但并不等同于 分布在人口的各个亚群中。因为有这么高 高血压的患病率及其与主要死因的联系 如果可以的话，可能会对公众健康产生非常重大的影响 在生命早期就被预防或控制。一个经验基础，即 将支持制定新的预防战略是缺乏的。 此外，高血压的早期风险标记物还不是很确定。 已经成立了。 这项调查将集中在血压水平、心血管疾病 非裔美国人的反应性以及愤怒和敌意的维度， 英美和墨西哥裔美国青少年。具体目标是 为了：1)调查血压的性别和种族差异 2)调查心血管疾病的性别和种族差异 反应和测试假设将愤怒和敌意与 心血管反应性；3)量化水平 在日常活动过程中发生的血压可能是 根据实验室中显示的心血管反应性和 通过静息血压。 样本将包括360名2至16岁的男性和女性青少年 年长的。青少年的血压将在体检时测量， 在学校的实验室环境中，并进行动态监测 一整天。青少年的愤怒和敌意将被评为 国家-特质愤怒表达问卷与库克-梅德利敌意 比例分别为。拟议的研究侧重于青春期 关于发展的问题。在这个群体中，存在着相当大的异质性 在人体测量特征、性成熟和有氧运动方面 健身。这些变量将被测量，因为它们密切相关 与青春期出现的血压变化有关。 这些变量和其他变量可能会模糊性别和种族 血压和心血管反应性的差异将是 在统计上控制。 对性别和民族-种族差异的理解 风险将加强对应该成为目标的群体的识别 用于干预和进一步研究。这样做的长期目标是 研究的目的是扩大小学和小学的战略储备 高血压及其后遗症的二级预防。

Hypertension affects 60,990,000 Americans, but it is not equally distributed among subgroups of the population. Because of the high prevalence of hypertension and its link with leading causes of death, a very substantial impact on public health could be achieved if it could be prevented or controlled early in life. An empirical foundation that will support the development of new preventive strategies is lacking. Further, early markers of risk for hypertension have not been firmly established. This investigation will focus on blood pressure levels, cardiovascular reactivity and dimensions of anger and hostility in African-American, Anglo-American and Mexican-American adolescents. The specific aims are to: 1) investigate gender and ethnic-racial differences in blood pressure levels; 2) investigate gender and ethnic differences in cardiovascular reactivity and test hypotheses linking anger and hostility with cardiovascular reactivity; 3) quantify the extent to which levels of blood pressure occurring during the course of daily activities can be predicted by cardiovascular reactivity exhibited in the laboratory and by resting blood pressure. The sample will consist of 360 male and female adolescents II to 16 years old. Adolescent blood pressure will be measured during a physical exam, in a laboratory setting at school and with ambulatory monitoring throughout a day. Anger and hostility in adolescents will be rated with the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and the Cook-Medley Hostility scale, respectively. The proposed study focuses on the adolescent stage of development. Within this group, there is considerable heterogeneity in anthropometric characteristics, sexual maturation, and aerobic fitness. These variables will be measured because they are closely linked with changes in blood pressure that emerge during adolescence. These and other variables that could obscure gender and ethnic differences in blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity will be controlled statistically. An understanding of gender and ethnic-racial differences in patterns of risk will enhance the identification of groups that should be targeted for intervention and further research. The long range goals of this research is to expand the repertoire of strategies for primary and secondary prevention of hypertension and its sequelae.