BIOLOGICAL VANADIUM--MODELS OF STRUCTURE/FUNCTION

描述：(改编自申请人的摘要)钒曾 被认为是生物学中的奇特之处，结构不明确，甚至 更多难懂的功能。在过去的二十年里，科学家们已经 意识到这种元素存在于海洋酶中，这种酶可能是 负责许多有用的天然产品，并最终可能服务于 作为糖尿病口服治疗的一种新的治疗方案。在.期间 我们之前三年的资助，我们一直专注于准备 钒卤代过氧化物酶的功能模型。去年初， 我们提出了最有效的卤代过氧化物酶活性模型。 化合物还没有报道。与以前的模型不同，我们的化合物是 作为单核、单过氧基物种的功能，与建议的完全相同 VHPO。大约六个月前，我们取得了重大突破，我们 能以可测量的速度氧化氯化物。我们估计我们的 反应速度至少比任何时候快10倍(更有可能是100倍) 以前的钒基氯化物氧化催化剂。我们现在也有 这些数据可以解决我们所拥有的amavadin的功能作用 推测可能是一种不完全的溴或碘过氧化物酶。这些研究 在这些重大进展的基础上，为下一个供资期间提出了建议。1) 通过建立钒卤代过氧化物酶体系探讨钒卤代过氧化物酶的作用机制 导致我们的溴化物和氯化物氧化活化的因素 催化剂。如有必要，我们将开发和表征新的配体 在这些反应中作为更有效的试剂的集合。2)扩展 V(IV)物种与过氧化氢反应的研究 因为这些可能是重要相互作用，定义了 金刚乙胺和钒胰岛素的细胞代谢模拟。3) 通过与多名光谱学家合作，开发新的 将使科学家能够定义到更高级化学物质的方法 分辨率V=蛋白质中的O结合部位。因为V=O取代了 许多二价离子，这种方法可以广泛应用于各种 金属蛋白。 我们认为，高分子量酸性磷酸酶可以转化为 钒酸盐存在下的VHPO。

DESCRIPTION: (adapted from applicant's abstract) Vanadium was once considered an oddity in biology with ill defined structures and even more obscure functions. In the past two decades, scientists have realized that this element is found in marine enzymes that may be responsible for many useful natural products and ultimately may serve as a new therapeutic regiment for oral treatment of diabetes. During our previous three years of funding, we have focused on preparing functional models for the vanadium haloperoxidases. Early last year, we presented the most efficient haloperoxidase reactivity model compounds yet reported. Unlike previous models, our compounds are functional as mononuclear, monoperoxo species, exactly as proposed for VHPOs. About six months ago, we made a major breakthrough in that we can oxidize chloride at a measurable rate. We estimate that our reaction is at least 10 (and more likely 100 fold) faster than any previous vanadium based chloride oxidation catalyst. We also now have data that may address the functional role of amavadin which we have suggested may be a rudimentary bromo- or iodoperoxidase. The studies proposed for the next funding period build on these major advances. 1) Probe the mechanism of vanadium haloperoxidases by establishing the factors that lead to activation of our bromide and chloride oxidation catalysts. As necessary, we will develop and characterize new ligand sets that serve as more efficient agents in these reactions. 2) Expand our studies of the reaction of V(IV) species with hydrogen peroxide since these may be important interaction that define the reactivity of amavadin and the cellular metabolism of vanadium insulin mimics. 3) Through collaboration with several spectroscopists, develop new methodologies that will allow scientists to define to higher chemical resolution V=O binding sites in proteins. Since V=O substitutes for many divalent ions, this approach can be broadly applied to a variety of metalloproteins. We propose that high molecular weight acid phosphatases can convert to VHPOs in the presence of vanadate.