SOCIAL COGNITION AND AGING

社会认知与老龄化

• 批准号: 2732490
• 负责人: Thomas M Hess
• 金额: $ 12.69万
• 依托单位: NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY RALEIGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-08-01 至 2002-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2732490
• 关键词: aging; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; functional ability; human subject; model design /development; motivation; psychological adaptation; psychological models; social psychology

This research examines aging-related changes in cognitive functioning, with the goal of understanding how different-aged adults represent information acquired in social contexts and then use this information in making decisions. It is assumed that the ability to acquire and accurately represent information from social contexts is an important predictor of adaptive functioning. Much information relating to everyday functioning (e.g., medical, financial, consumer) is transmitted through interactions with others (e.g., Physicians, financial planners, salespersons). Thus, it is important to understand the impact that aging might have on reasoning in such contexts. In this research, two broad categories of aging-related influences on social-cognitive functioning are identified. The first has to do with basic cognitive processes. It is assumed that aging is associated with a decline in such processes, as reflected in decreases in the efficiency with which older adults can control attention and operate on information in memory. It is hypothesized that such changes lead to: (a) a reduction in the ability to accurately encode information transmitted in social interchanges; and (b) an increase in biases associated with nonconscious processes that operate in such situations. The second influence has to do with motivational factors associated with aging-related changes in life circumstances. It is hypothesized that increasing age is associated with changes in cognitive goals which, in turn, influence the attention devoted to information sources and the degree of engagement in cognitive activity. In this research, adults aged from 20 to 80 will be tested in laboratory analogues of social situations to examine the impact to these two types of influences on representation and decision making. Experiments will be conducted in which specific age-related factors are isolated and manipulated in order to gauge their impact on performance. Observed age-related differences will also be examined in relation to ability, health, and other contextual factors in order to better understand potential causal mechanisms. The long-term goal is the development of a model that will describe aging effects on social cognition and provide prescriptions for dealing with potential problems

这项研究调查了认知功能中与年龄相关的变化， 目的是了解不同年龄的成年人 在社会环境中获得的信息，然后将这些信息用于 做决定 据推测，获得和 准确地表示来自社会背景的信息是重要的 适应性功能的预测器。 许多信息与 日常功能（例如，医疗、金融、消费者）是 通过与其他人的交互而传播（例如，内科医生、金融 规划人员、销售人员）。 因此，了解其影响非常重要。 在这种情况下，衰老对推理的影响。 在本研究中， 两大类与年龄有关的社会认知影响 功能被识别。 第一个与基本的认知有关 流程. 据推测，衰老与这种下降有关。 这反映在老年人工作效率的下降， 成年人可以控制注意力并对记忆中的信息进行操作。 它 假设这种变化导致：（a）能力降低 对社会交往中传递的信息进行准确编码; 以及（B）与无意识过程相关的偏见增加 在这种情况下运作。 第二个影响是 与年龄相关的生活变化相关的动机因素 情节 据推测，年龄的增长与 认知目标的变化反过来又影响注意力 信息来源和参与程度 认知活动 在这项研究中，20至80岁的成年人将 在实验室类似的社会情况下进行测试， 这两种影响对代表和决策的影响 制作。 将进行实验，其中特定的年龄相关的 因素被隔离和操纵，以衡量其对 性能 观察到的年龄相关的差异也将进行检查 与能力、健康和其他背景因素有关， 更好地了解潜在的因果机制。 长期目标是 开发一个模型，将描述老龄化对社会的影响， 认知，并为处理潜在问题提供处方