ATTENTION IN NORMAL AND AT RISK PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

对正常和高危学龄前儿童的关注

• 批准号: 2881392
• 负责人: HOLLY A RUFF
• 金额: $ 8.4万
• 依托单位: ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-07-01 至 2001-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2881392
• 关键词: attention; attention deficit disorder; behavioral /social science research tag; body physical activity; child behavior; clinical research; emotions; human subject; interview; phenotype; preschool child (1-5); social behavior; videotape /videodisc

This proposal is to conduct pilot work in preparation for a larger project. One goal of the study is to examine patterns of attention in preschool children in settings outside the lab. To do this will require the development of new measures appropriate for field observation. This phase of the project will be conducted in steps. Initially, a few children will be videotaped at home and at their preschools. The videotapes will form the basis for extended discussion of a coding system and the development of reliable categories of coding. We will then go back to the field to try the coding system which will entail mainly a checklist and time sampling of the children's behavior along several dimensions: attention, activity level, impulsitivity, emotional tone, and social competence. We will make every attempt to see all of the children in similar contexts on several occasions; for example, structured activities in the preschool, free play in the preschool, free play at home, mealtime at home, watching television, and bookreading. These repeated observations are necessary because another goal of the project is to explore consistency of situational profiles as a measure of individual differences. A third goal of the project is related to the strategy intended for the larger subsequent project. That is, to observe preschool children of parents who have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It will be necessary to use diagnostic interviewing of adults who claim to have been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. For this proposal, however, the goal is simply to gain some experience with the diagnostic interview and the make sure that potential questions can be addressed before the submission of the subsequent proposal.

该提议是为了为更大的项目做准备。 该研究的目标之一是检查实验室外的设置中的学龄前儿童的关注模式。 为此，将需要制定适合现场观察的新措施。 该项目的这一阶段将以步骤进行。 最初，一些孩子将在家及其学前班进行录制。 录像带将构成对编码系统的扩展讨论以及可靠的编码类别的开发的基础。 然后，我们将回到现场尝试编码系统，该系统主要需要沿几个维度进行清单和时间取样：注意，活动水平，冲动，情感语气和社交能力。 我们将尽一切努力在几次相似的情况下看到所有孩子。例如，在学前班中的结构化活动，在学前班的免费比赛，在家免费玩耍，在家用餐，看电视和书阅读。 这些重复观察是必要的，因为该项目的另一个目标是探索情境概况的一致性，以衡量个体差异。 该项目的第三个目标与旨在更大后续项目的策略有关。 也就是说，要观察患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的父母的学龄前儿童。 有必要使用声称被诊断出患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的成年人的诊断访谈。 但是，对于此建议，目标只是在诊断面试中获得一些经验，并确保在提交后续提案之前可以解决潜在的问题。