SUSTAINED ATTENTION IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN

对婴儿和幼儿的持续关注

• 批准号: 3070048
• 负责人: HOLLY A RUFF
• 金额: $ 5.57万
• 依托单位: ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-02-01 至 1992-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3070048
• 关键词: antidotes; attention; awareness; behavior test; brain disorder diagnosis; brain electrical activity; chelating agents; child behavior; child behavior disorders; cognition disorders; diagnosis quality /standard; expectancy; human subject; impulsive behavior; infant human (0-1 year); lead poisoning; newborn human (0-6 weeks); premature infant human; preschool child (1-5); problem solving

The overall goals of the proposed research are to investigate the development of sustained attention in infants and preschool children, to assess the extent to which there are stable individual differences, and to develop measures of attention that will be of use in both basic and clinical research. In addition to a currently funded longitudinal study of attention and impulse control, four projects are proposed. Two concern different types of sustained attention: 1) attention maintained for the purpose of acquiring information or solving a problem; and 2) attention maintained in anticipation of an event about to occur, that is, vigilance. These two projects involve infants and preschoolers, respectively, but both deal with the relationship of the two kinds of attention to each other, their resistance to distraction, and the issue of individual differences and continuity. Both of these projects build on previous work, but also require the development of new procedures for studying attention. Specifically, these new procedures include an analogue of vigilance tasks, now used with older children, for use with infants in the second half of the first year, and a downward extension of the continuous performance test for use with children as young as two years. The other two projects are clinical investigations that use measures of attention as outcome variables. One is a study of the effects of treatment on brain function and behavior in moderately lead intoxicated children; the other is a study of the consequences of neonatal brain dysfunction on specific aspects of cognitive development. All of the proposed studies should lead to theoretical advances in our understanding of attentional control and to clinically useful techniques for the study of early deviations in attention.

拟议研究的总体目标是调查 发展婴儿和学龄前儿童的持续关注， 评估稳定的个体差异的程度，以及 制定关注度量，这些措施将在基本和 临床研究。 除了当前资助的纵向研究 注意和冲动控制，提出了四个项目。 两个问题 不同类型的持续关注：1）保持关注 获取信息或解决问题的目的； 2）注意 维持期望发生的事件，即警惕。 这两个项目分别涉及婴儿和学龄前儿童 处理两种关注的关系，彼此之间的关系 他们对分心的抵抗力以及个体差异的问题 和连续性。 这两个项目都以先前的工作为基础 需要开发新程序来研究注意力。 具体而言，这些新程序包括一个警惕任务的类似物， 现在与大孩子一起使用，在下半年与婴儿一起使用 第一年，以及连续性能测试的下降 与两岁的孩子一起使用。 其他两个项目是 使用注意力作为结果的临床研究 变量。 一种是对治疗对脑功能的影响的研究 和中等导致醉酒儿童的行为；另一个是一项研究 新生儿脑功能障碍对特定方面的后果 认知发展。 所有提出的研究都应导致 理论上我们对注意力控制的理解和 临床上有用的技术，用于研究早期注意力的偏差。