S CONE RESPONSES AND NEURAL PATHWAYS FOR ACCOMODATION

SCONE 反应和调节的神经通路

• 批准号: 2739173
• 负责人: FRANCES J RUCKER
• 金额: $ 10.1万
• 依托单位: STATE COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-02-01 至 2004-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2739173
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; color visions; cone cell; eye accommodation; eye movements; human subject; light scattering; saccades; statistics /biometry; vision tests; visual fixation; visual pathways; visual perception; visual phototransduction; visual tracking

This K08 award will allow an experienced optometrist presently training in vision science to obtain the needed expertise in oculomotor systems, visual optics and neurophysiology to test important hypotheses regarding accommodation and the development of ametropias, in a challenging academic environment. The candidate's long-term career goals are to practice as an independent researcher in the fields of accommodation, eye movements, and visual processing. The immediate goal is to develop the skills to investigate the optical signals that specify ocular focus, the cone types that participate in the process, the visual mechanisms that might mediate the signals (Stiles-Crawford effect and fixation micro-saccades), and the neural pathways and transmit the signals. Essential skills include the ability to build, calibrate and maintain electro-optical systems for monitoring both fixational saccades and accommodation, to measure and alter the Stiles-Crawford function, and to produce computer-generated images that drive accommodation and isolate cone classes or visual pathways. The program will prepare the student to meet these goals through a series of graduate courses and seminars, a program of supervised laboratory experience, experience in presentation and discussion of research findings and teaching, and instruction in responsible conduct of research. A supervised research plan will examine several hypotheses related to these goals: 1. whether S-sensitive cones mediate the signals that drive accommodation; 2. whether L-, M- and S- cones drive accommodation by sensing the angle of incidence of light reaching the retina; 3. whether the dioptric vergence signal for accommodation is mediated by motion pathways for color and/or luminance; 4. whether a decentered Stiles-Crawford function for S-cones mediates a directional signal for accommodation, and 5. whether small fixational eye movements contribute to the signal for reflex accommodation.

这一K08奖项将允许一名经验丰富的验光师目前正在接受培训 在视觉科学中获得眼动系统所需的专业知识， 视觉光学和神经生理学来测试关于 住宿和屈光参差的发展，在一个具有挑战性的 学术环境。候选人的长期职业目标是 作为住宿领域的独立研究人员， 眼球运动和视觉处理。眼下的目标是发展 研究指定眼睛焦点的光学信号的技能， 参与这一过程的视锥类型，视觉机制 可能会调节信号(斯泰尔斯-克劳福德效应和定势 微眼跳)和神经通路，并传输信号。 基本技能包括建造、校准和维护的能力 用于监控注视眼球和视线扫视的光电系统 住宿，测量和改变斯泰尔斯-克劳福德功能，以及 生成计算机生成的图像，以推动住宿和隔离 圆锥体类或视觉路径。该计划将使学生做好准备 通过一系列研究生课程和研讨会实现这些目标，a 督导实验室经验方案，演示经验 并讨论研究结果和教学，以及在 负责任的研究行为。一个有监督的研究计划将检查 与这些目标相关的几个假设：1.S敏感的视锥 调解驱动住宿的信号；2.L、M和S是否 锥体通过感知光线的入射角度来驱动调节 到达视网膜；3.屈光不正信号是否 调节是由颜色和/或亮度的运动路径调节的； 4.S-圆锥的偏心的斯蒂尔斯-克劳福德函数是否调解了 可容纳的方向信号，以及5.是否较小的固定 眼球运动有助于反射调节的信号。