PRECURSORS OF RETARDATION IN CHILDREN WITH TEEN MOTHERS

这项研究的目的是了解社会和 导致各种与学校有关的延迟的心理因素， 青少年母亲的孩子未成年母亲的显著特征， 在交付之后， 结合婴幼儿特征，用于预测 在学龄前的发展，从而奠定了阶段， 预测到10岁以后的发育迟缓和缺陷。的 预测变量（风险因素）的选择由我们的 青少年养育的概念模式。模型中的一个核心概念 - 对父母的认知准备-反映了母亲对孩子的了解 发展，父母的态度和父母的做法。愿意 父母已被证明区分成年和青少年母亲， 中介智商和个人适应对青少年养育的影响 实践，并在产前测量时，预测儿童发育， 三岁 将收集110对夫妇的母婴功能措施 当每个孩子8岁时，10岁时，100个。重点是 收集我们认为对预测MR有用的变量， 以及行为障碍。智力、学习能力 技能和社会情绪调节被选为标准 变量，而其他度量（例如，智力和情感 母亲的功能）被选为额外的预测因子 变量在8岁和10岁时收集的所有措施将是 考虑到怀孕期间已经收集的数据， 和婴儿期作为以前补助金的一部分。内部运作的连续性 将评估孕产妇和儿童领域， 从横截面和纵向两个方面进行研究的领域 视角中心重点是追踪和预测儿童的 智力，情感和社会发展的基础上，孕产妇，儿童， 社会环境特征。 次要利益在于 追踪产妇发展and.in 发展该项目的总体目标是确定 这是美国一个尚未被充分理解的主要问题的基础：的原因 青少年母亲的孩子的社会文化发育迟缓。 虽然我们将进行横截面分析，但主要重点是 在数据的纵向方面。分级线性建模 (HLM)行为统计学的最新进展，将用于研究 样本随时间的平均个体内变化以及 变化中的个体差异。HLM将使我们能够评估 发展轨迹的静态和动态相关性。的 该项目的意义在于试图解开“新的 在青春期母亲的代表性样本中， 和他们的孩子通过使用多元的，视角， 纵向设计。

The goal of the proposed research is to understand the social and psychological factors that precipitate various school-related delays in children of teen mothers. Salient characteristics in adolescent mothers, subsequent to and following delivery, have been identified and, in combination with infant and child characteristics, used to predict development during the preschool years, thus setting the stage for predicting later development delays and deficiencies through age 10. The selection of predictor variables (risk factors) has been guided by our conceptual model of adolescent parenting. A central concept in the model - cognitive readiness to parent - reflects maternal knowledge of child development, parenting attitudes, and parenting practices. Readiness to parent has been shown to differentiate adult and adolescent mothers, to mediate the effects of IQ and personal adjustment on teen parenting practices and, when measured prenatally, to predict child development at three years of age. Measures of maternal and child functioning for 110 dyads will be gathered when each child is 8 years of age, and 100 at age 10. The focus is on gathering variables which we believe will be useful for predicting MR, LD, and behavioral dysfunction. Measures of intelligence, learning skills, and socioemotional adjustment were selected as criterion variables, whereas other measures (e.g., intellectual and emotional functioning in the mother) were selected as additional predictor variables. All of the measures gathered at ages 8 and 10 will be considered within the context of data already gathered during pregnancy and infancy as part of a previous grant. Continuity of functioning within maternal and child domains will be assessed and relationships across domains examined from both cross-sectional as well as longitudinal perspectives. The central focus is on tracing and predicting children's intellectual, emotional, and social development based on maternal, child, and social-environmental characteristics. Secondary interests lie in tracing maternal development and.in interrelating maternal and child development. The project's overall aim is to identify the factors that underly a major, and not well understood, problem in the U.S.: The causes of sociocultural developmental delays in children of teen mothers. Although we will conduct cross-sectional analyses, the primary focus will be on the longitudinal aspects of the data. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), a recent advance in behavioral statistics, will be used to study average intraindividual changes in the sample over time as well as interindividual differences in change. HLM will enable us to assess both static and dynamic correlates of developmental trajectories. The significance of the project lies in the attempt to unravel the "new morbidity" phenomenon in a representative sample of adolescent mothers and their children through the use of a multivariate, perspective, longitudinal design.