PRECURSORS OF RETARDATION IN CHILDREN WITH TEEN MOTHERS

拟议研究的目标是了解社会和心理因素，沉淀各种与学校有关的延迟在青少年母亲的孩子。显着的特点，在青少年母亲，之后和以下交付，已确定，并结合婴儿和紧急儿童的特点，用于预测发展在学龄期间，从而设置阶段，预测发育迟缓在青春期。 当每个儿童年满14岁时，将收集100对夫妇的母婴功能测量数据。 早期预测变量（风险因素）的选择是由我们的青少年养育的概念模型指导的;这些包括母亲的认知准备，社会情绪调整，养育行为，以及早期儿童的特征，如气质和依恋状态。 中介变量和结果变量的选择受到我们对自我调节、元认知理论、学业成就和社会情绪调整的兴趣的影响，因为孩子们从童年进入青春期。 我们将评估预测变量如何与学业成就、智力落后、学习障碍和行为障碍相关，以及儿童的社会情绪调节和元认知（尤其是自我调节）是否介导了预测变量对结果变量的影响。 我们也对记录、预测和理解青春期“危险行为”的原因感兴趣。 因此，在14岁时收集的所有措施都将在怀孕、婴儿期和童年期间作为以前赠款的一部分收集的数据范围内加以考虑。 将评估孕产妇和儿童领域内的功能的连续性和跨领域的关系检查形式的横截面以及纵向的观点。 中心的重点是预测儿童的学术和社会情绪的调整，在14岁时使用新的和已经收集的母亲，儿童和社会环境信息。 其次是追踪产妇的发展，并将产妇和儿童的发展轨迹联系起来。 该项目的总体目标是确定美国儿童相关问题的主要因素，而这些因素尚未得到很好的理解：青少年母亲的孩子进入青春期后发育迟缓的原因。 将使用分层线性模型（HLM）研究样本随时间的平均个体内变化以及变化的个体间差异。 HLM使我们能够评估发展轨迹的静态和动态相关性及其相互关系。 该项目的意义在于试图通过使用多变量、透视、纵向设计，在青少年母亲及其子女的代表性样本中揭示“新发病率”现象。

The goal of the proposed research is to understand the social and psychological factors that precipitate various school-related delays in children of teen mothers. Salient characteristics in adolescent mothers, subsequent to and following deliver, have identified and, in combination with infant and emergent child characteristics, used to predict development during the school years, thus setting the stage for predicting developmental delays during adolescence. Measures of maternal and child functioning for 100 dyads will be gathered when each child is 14 years of age. The selection of early predictor variables (risk factors) has been guided by our conceptual model of adolescent parenting; these include maternal cognitive readiness, socioemotional adjustment, parenting behaviors, and early child characteristics such as temperament and attachment status. The selection of mediator and outcome variables has been influenced by our interests in self- regulation, metacognitive theory, academic achievement, and socioemotional adjustment as the children proceed through childhood into adolescence. We will evaluate how the predictor variables are related to academic achievement, mental retardation, learning disabilities and behavior disorders, and whether children's socioemotional adjustment and metacognition (especially self-regulation) mediate the influence of the predictor variables on the outcome variables. We are also interested in documenting, predicting, and understanding the causes of "risky behaviors" during adolescence. Thus, all of the measures to be gathered at age 14 will be considered within the context of data already gathered during pregnancy, infancy, and childhood as part of previous grants. Continuity of functioning within maternal and child domains will be assessed and relationships across domains examined form cross-sectional as well as longitudinal perspectives. The central focus is on predicting children's academic and socioemotional adjustment at age 14 using new and already gathered maternal, child, and social-environmental information. Secondary interests lie in tracing maternal development and interrelating maternal and child developmental trajectories. The project's overall aim is to identify the factors that underlie major, and not well understood, child-related problems in the U.S.: The causes of developmental delays in children of teen mothers as they enter their adolescent years. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) will be used to study average intraindividual changes in the sample over time as well as interindividual differences in change. HLM enables us to assess both static and dynamic correlates of developmental trajectories as well as their interrelationships. The significance of the project lies in the attempt to unravel the "new morbidity" phenomenon in a representative sample of adolescent mothers and their children through the use of a multivariate, perspective, longitudinal design.