Precursors of Retardation in Children with Teen Mothers

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的目标是了解在青春期后期（18岁），青少年母亲的孩子会出现学业失败和社会情绪问题的社会和心理因素。在婴儿期和幼儿期，已确定了少女母亲的显著特征，并结合儿童期出现的特征，包括MR/DD，用于预测8岁、10岁和14岁时的发育，从而为评估青春期后期的结果奠定基础。当参与者年满18岁时，将收集102对夫妇的母婴功能措施。中心重点是预测学业成绩，社会情绪调整和行为障碍，以及隔离弹性发展的前兆，使用新的和已经收集的孕产妇，儿童和社会环境数据。预测变量（风险和保护因素）的选择已被指导的概念模型的青少年养育的特点，母亲的认知准备，社会情绪调整，养育行为，和儿童/青少年的特点，如附件，自我调节，暴露于暴力，和父亲的参与。中介人，调解人和结果变量的选择受到我们的利益，在元认知理论，学业失败的高危学生，精神发育迟滞，精神病理学的目标儿童过渡到青春期后期。在18岁时收集的所有措施都应在怀孕期间已经收集的数据的背景下考虑，婴儿期，童年和青春期早期作为以前赠款的一部分。该项目的总体目标是查明造成重大但尚未得到充分理解的问题的因素，包括青少年母亲的子女在进入青春期时发育迟缓和犯罪。我们特别感兴趣的是记录，预测和理解青春期“危险行为”的原因以及导致弹性的因素，如10个主要假设所反映的那样。次要的利益在于跟踪孕产妇的发展和相互关联的孕产妇和儿童青少年的发展轨迹使用HLM。拟议项目的重要性在于试图通过采用前瞻性纵向设计，在18年的时间里，从青少年母亲及其子女的代表性样本中揭示“新的发病现象”。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the proposed research is to understand the social and psychological factors that precipitate academic failures and socioemotional problems in children of adolescent mothers as they reach late adolescence (age 18). Salient characteristics in teenage mothers have been identified during infancy and early childhood and, in combination with emergent characteristics during childhood, including MR/DD, are used to predict development at ages 8, 10, and 14, thus setting the stage for assessing outcomes during late adolescence. Measures of maternal and child functioning for 102 dyads will be gathered when participants reach 18 years of age. The central focus is on predicting academic achievement, socioemotional adjustment, and conduct disorders as well as isolating the precursors of resilient development, using new and already gathered maternal, child, and social-environmental data. The selection of predictor variables (both risk and protective factors) has been guided by a conceptual model of adolescent parenting that features maternal cognitive readiness, socioemotional adjustment, parenting behaviors, and child/adolescent characteristics, such as attachment, self-regulation, exposure to violence, and father involvement. The selection of mediator, moderator, and outcome variables has been influenced by our interests in metacognitive theory, academic failures among at-risk students, mental retardation, and psychopathologies as the target children transition into late adolescence. All of the measures to be collected at 18 should be considered within the context of data already gathered during pregnancy, infancy, childhood, and early adolescence as part of previous grants. The project's overall aim is to identify the factors that underlie major, but not well understood, problems, including developmental delays and delinquency in children of teen mothers as they move through adolescence. We are especially interested in documenting, predicting, and understanding the causes of "risky behaviors" during adolescence as well as factors that lead to resilience, as reflected in a set of 10 major hypotheses. Secondary interests lie in tracing maternal development and interrelating maternal and child-adolescent developmental trajectories using HLM. The significance of the proposed project lies in the attempt to unravel the "new morbidity phenomenon" in a representative sample of adolescent mothers and their children over an 18-year period through the use of a prospective, longitudinal design.