DEVELOPING EXPOSURE CONTROL BY MATERIAL BALANCE MODELING

通过材料平衡建模开发曝光控制

• 批准号: 2398344
• 负责人: ROBERT F HERRICK
• 金额: $ 12.05万
• 依托单位: HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-06-01 至 2000-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2398344
• 关键词: air pollution; air pollution control; air sampling /monitoring; carbon monoxide; carbon monoxide poisoning; clinical research; environmental air flow; environmental contamination; environmental health; human subject; industry; iron; occupational hazard; occupational health /safety

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) Foundries are central to the production of the machinery used in modern society. Virtually every mechanical device contains parts manufactured in a foundry. There are more than 200,000 workers employed in US foundries, and the number is growing rapidly internationally as world wide industrialization proceeds. By the nature of the processes conducted in foundries, the work is hazardous. There are many health and safety hazards in foundries, but foundries are typically small businesses with fewer than 100 employees. Facilities of this size rarely have in-house safety and health capability, so they rely upon generic guidelines when designing and implementing systems of exposure control. This has been the case for ventilation systems which have been applied to control airborne contaminants in foundries. Unacceptable exposures frequently persist even when these guidelines have been implemented. Preliminary research indicates that exposure control systems may be improved by including information on contaminant generation rates and the resulting airborne concentrations, and detailed work activity exposure analysis. The information can be developed using a material balance modeling approach, with work place exposure measurements. The major goal of this research is to develop a material balance model and a detailed exposure analysis as the basis to design, install and evaluate control technology to control pouring line exposures in a cast iron foundry. The specific aims of this study include the development of carbon monoxide emission factors for castings, and the use of these factors in a material balance model developed from research conducted at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Together with a detailed work activity exposure analysis of the casting process, a control technology system will be designed, and installed in a test foundry. After the performance of the system in reducing exposures has been optimized, a set of design specifications will be prepared and disseminated to other foundries where similar exposure problems exist.

描述：（改编自研究者摘要）铸造厂是 是现代社会所用机械生产的核心。 几乎每一个机械设备都包含在铸造厂制造的零件。 美国铸造厂雇佣了20多万工人， 随着世界工业化进程的推进，在国际上迅速发展。 根据铸造厂进行的工艺的性质， 危险 铸造厂有许多健康和安全隐患，但 铸造厂通常是雇员少于100人的小型企业。 这种规模的设施很少有内部安全和卫生能力， 因此，他们在设计和实施系统时， 曝光控制。 这是通风系统的情况， 已被应用于控制铸造厂中的空气污染物。 即使在这些准则中规定， 已实施。 初步研究表明，曝光控制系统可能会得到改善 通过包括污染物产生率的信息， 空气中的浓度，以及详细的工作活动暴露分析。 的 可以使用物质平衡建模方法来开发信息， 工作场所暴露测量。 本研究的主要目的是 制定一个物质平衡模型和详细的风险分析， 为控制浇注控制技术的设计、安装和评价提供了依据 在铸铁铸造厂中的线曝光。 本研究的具体目的 包括铸件的一氧化碳排放因子的开发， 以及在物质平衡模型中使用这些因素， 国家职业安全研究所进行的研究， 健康 连同详细的工作活动暴露分析， 铸造过程中，控制技术系统将设计，并安装 在一个测试铸造厂。 系统性能降低后 曝光已经优化，一套设计规格将 准备并分发给其他铸造厂， 存在.