TEMPERAMENT FIT, ATTACHMENT, AND DEPRESSED MOTHERS

我们对气质，依恋， 背景风险，和母亲的精神病理学提供了基础， 提议的研究。我们实验室的气质研究 准确的直接观察婴儿气质的措施， 与主观父母特征混淆，以及访谈 父母对适合度的评价是独立的 对儿童气质行为的直接观察。还有 最近的许多发展增加了我们对 亲子依恋，在家里，实验室测量，并通过 这也有助于我们更充分地了解 家庭在这一重要发展成就中的地位。在 社会背景领域，我们已经在我们的实验室开发了强大的 发展背景的多重背景风险措施， 我们理解特定家庭过程的能力， 在更广泛的背景下发展。 的主要方式 识别多个风险家庭将通过产妇的症状， 精神病理学这种检查和了解早期中期 发展成果提供了一套重要的知识， 更准确地识别（并最终预防疾病） 这些儿童最有可能发展为 精神病理学将有225个家庭参与这项研究。 一半将由升高的水平（大于或等于16）选择， 贝克抑郁量表评估将在出生时进行2 月、8个月、14个月和30个月。主要的问题是 在这项研究中检查的是稳定性和变化的程度， 幼儿气质行为，幼儿依恋行为，父母 拟合优度模型和父母依恋工作模型有助于 了解发展结果的可变性， 在儿童的发展背景下的多重风险的关系。

Recent advances in our understanding of temperament, attachment, contextual risk, and maternal psychopathology provide the basis for the proposed research. Temperament research in our laboratory has developed accurate direct observational measures of infant temperament that are not confounded with subjective parent characteristics, as well as interview assessments of parents' appraisals of goodness-of-fit that are independent of the direct observations of child temperament behavior. There have also been many recent developments that have increased our understanding of parent-child attachment, measured in the home, laboratory, and by interview, which also contribute to our ability to more fully understand the status of families on this important developmental achievement. In the social context domain, we have developed in our laboratory powerful multiple-contextual-risk measures of developmental contexts that enhance our ability to understand specific family processes in relation to the broader contexts in which development occurs. The primary way of identifying multiple risk families will be via symptoms of maternal psychopathology. Such examination and understanding of early interim developmental outcomes provides an important set of knowledge to aid in more accurate identification of (and ultimately prevention of illness in) those children most at risk for development of significant psychopathology. There will be 225 families participating in this study. Half will be selected by elevated levels (greater than or equal to 16) on the Beck Depression Inventory. Assessments will be conducted at births 2 months, 8 months, 14 months, and 30 months. The major questions to be examined in this research are the degree to which stability and change in infant temperament behavior, infant attachment behavior, parental goodness-of-fit models, and parental attachment working models contribute to understanding variability in developmental outcomes, all examined in relation to multiple risks in the children's developmental contexts.