ASSESSING INFANT TEMPERAMENT USING AGGREGATE METHODS

提出了三项研究，将审查 研究行为风格的个体差异，或 性格，在生命的第一年。 的问题 这些研究将涉及：（1）是否有可观察到的 第一年儿童行为风格的稳定性 （2）关于气质理论所假设的生活类型;（3） 聚合方法提高了这种聚合的可靠性。 （3）聚合方法是否改善了 父母报告儿童气质的可靠性;（4） 儿童观察和父母报告的汇总 提高它们之间的对应程度;（5） 父母是婴儿行为风格的直接观察者。 的 第一项研究将跟踪50对4岁到12岁的母婴 几个月的生活。 每周观察孩子的行为， 每周一次的家长报告将被提交。 分析将 旨在确定最佳观测数 为实现观察或报告的可靠性， 这些方法。 在研究2中，母亲们将对各种量表进行评分， 行为风格的视频记录自己的孩子，以及 所有母亲都会评价的标准孩子的录像带。 分析 我将集中讨论母亲们是否普遍使用一种 向专业人员报告儿童情况时的一套规范 气质 研究3将联合收割机与 研究1和2，以复制这些研究的结果，以及 为最终母公司报告工具提供验证 在这个项目的过程中 儿童的多重观察 行为（由研究1的结果确定的数量）将 为这种验证提供行为基础。

Three studies are proposed that will examine basic issues in the study of individual differences in behavioral style, or temperament, during the first year of life. The questions that these studies will address include: (1) are there observable stabilities in the behavioral style of children during the first year of life of the type assumed by theories of temperament; (2) do methods of aggregation improve the reliability of such observations; (3) do methods of aggregation improve the reliability of parental reports of child temperament; (4) does aggregation of both child observations and parental reports improve the degree of correspondence between them; and (5) are parents accurate direct observers of infant behavioral style. The first study will follow 50 mother-infant dyads from 4 through 12 months of life. Weekly observations of child behavior will be made, and weekly parental reports will be obtained. Analysis will be directed at determining an optimal number of observations necessary to achieve reliability of observation or report using these methods. In study 2, mothers will rate various scales of behavioral style for video records of their own children as well as tapes of standard children that all mothers will rate. Analysis will concentrate on whether mothers in general use a consistent set of norms when reporting to professionals about child temperament. Study 3 will combine the methods developed in studies 1 and 2 to replicate the findings of those studies as well as provide validation for a final parent report instrument developed during the course of this project. Multiple observations of child behavior (the number determined by the results of study 1) will provide the behavioral base for this validation.