REDUCING BIAS--THE COMMON INGROUP IDENTITY MODEL

减少偏见——通用的群体身份模型

• 批准号: 2883367
• 负责人: SAMUEL L GAERTNER
• 金额: $ 13.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-09-30 至 2002-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2883367
• 关键词: altruism; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; bias; communication behavior; conflict; elementary school; emotions; ethnic group; family structure /dynamics; human subject; identity; interpersonal relations; longitudinal human study; model design /development; prejudice; social cooperation; social facilitation; social group; social group process; social integration; social model; social problems; statistics /biometry; university student; videotape /videodisc

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's abstract): Intergroup bias, although it unfairly benefits some, has negative personal and social consequences for all citizens. The consequences of racism, for example, include more than the unrealized potential of members of minority groups and the failure to capitalize on diversity. Direct costs to majority as well as to minority groups involve the loss of human and financial resources as the result of unemployment, poverty, crime, drugs, ill-health, and personal, social and family dysfunction (see Bowser & Hunt, 1981; Jones, 1986; McLoyd, 1990). The proposed research explores the psychological processes underlying bias and examines how intergroup interactions may be structured to reduce bias and conflict as well to generalize to more positive attitudes and behaviors to the outgroup as a whole. The planned research extends the Common Ingroup Identity Model, which proposes that it is possible to engineer a recategorization of perceived group boundaries in ways that reduce intergroup bias and conflict. This model focuses on mediating processes and asserts that (1) more harmonious intergroup interactions can be facilitated by factors that emphasize a common superordinate identity between the members of different groups; and (2) favorable generalization to outgroup members not involved in the contact situation will be maximized when both superordinate and subgroup identities during contact are salient simultaneously (a dual identity). Thus this research investigates how the recognition of group commonality as well as group diversity can lead to reduced bias and conflict. The proposal derives a set of hypotheses and presents a serious of thirteen studies that together address the theoretical framework. Some studies consider directly the value of a dual identity for generalization. Additional studies address how the effects of superordinate and dual identities can result in stable and enduring effects by acting as catalysts for other processes that reduce bias, and also by instigating an exchange of reciprocally positive intergroup behaviors. Other studies extend these principles into a variety of intergroup settings including (1) a school-based intervention program, (2) a longitudinal study of step-families, and (3) a longitudinal study of persistence and attrition among college students from diverse backgrounds.

描述（申请人的摘要）：群体间偏见，尽管它不公平 对某些人有利，对所有人都有负面的个人和社会后果 公民。 例如，种族主义的后果不仅仅包括 少数群体成员的潜力没有得到发挥，并且未能 充分利用多样性。 大多数人和少数人的直接成本 团体因以下原因而损失人力和财力资源 失业、贫困、犯罪、毒品、健康不良以及个人、社会和 家庭功能失调（参见 Bowser & Hunt, 1981; Jones, 1986; McLoyd, 1990）。 拟议的研究探讨了偏见背后的心理过程 并研究如何构建群体间互动以减少偏见 和冲突也可以概括为更积极的态度和行为 外群体作为一个整体。 计划中的研究扩展了通用内群体身份模型，该模型 提出可以对感知的重新分类 以减少群体间偏见和冲突的方式划分群体界限。 这 模型侧重于调解过程并断言（1）更加和谐 强调群体间互动的因素可以促进 不同群体成员之间共同的上级身份；和 (2) 对未参与接触的外群体成员进行有利的概括 当上级身份和下级身份都相同时，情况将最大化 在接触过程中同时显着（双重身份）。 因此这个 研究调查了如何识别群体共性以及 群体多样性可以减少偏见和冲突。 该提案得出 一系列假设并提出了十三项研究，这些研究共同 阐述理论框架。 一些研究直接考虑价值 的双重身份的概括。 其他研究解决了如何 上级身​​份和双重身份的影响可以导致稳定和 通过充当其他过程的催化剂来减少持久影响 偏见，并通过鼓励相互积极的交流 群体间的行为。 其他研究将这些原则扩展到各种 群体间环境，包括 (1) 以学校为基础的干预计划， (2) 继家庭的纵向研究，以及 (3) 继家庭的纵向研究 来自不同背景的大学生的坚持和消耗。