REDUCING BIAS--THE COMMON INGROUP IDENTITY MODEL

减少偏见——通用的群体身份模型

• 批准号: 3388237
• 负责人: SAMUEL L GAERTNER
• 金额: $ 12.7万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-09-30 至 1996-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3388237
• 关键词: altruism; bias; communication behavior; conflict; emotions; human subject; identity; interpersonal relations; language; model design /development; prejudice; social cooperation; social facilitation; social group; social group process; social integration; social model; social problems; statistics /biometry

Intergroup bias, although it unfairly benefits some, has negative personal and social consequences for all citizens. The consequences of racism, for example, include more than the unrealized potential of members of minority groups and the failure to capitalize on diversity. Direct costs to majority as well as to minority groups involve the loss of human and financial resources as the result of unemployment, poverty, crime, drugs, ill-health, and personal, social and family dysfunction (see Crain & Weisman, 1972; Bowser & Hunt, 1981; Jones, 1986; McLoyd, 1990). The proposed research develops and examines the Common Ingroup Identity Model for reducing intergroup bias and conflict. This model focuses on mediating cognitive processes and asserts that (1) more harmonious, intergroup interactions can be facilitated by factors that transform members' cognitive representations of the memberships from two groups to one group; (2) favorable generalization to outgroup members not specifically involved in the contact situation will be maximized when the salience of the initial group identities are maintained, but within the context of a common ingroup identity. Thus the proposed research examines how the recognition of diversity could lead to reduced bias when groups differ in important and enduring ways. The proposal derives a set of testable hypotheses and proposes a series of ten studies that together address several portions of the overarching theoretical framework. Some studies consider factors that are proposed to induce a common ingroup identity (e.g, elements of intergroup cooperation, equal status between groups, positive mood and linguistic factors). Additional studies examine proposed consequences of a common ingroup identity (e.g., cooperation, self-disclosure and altruism). Finally, two studies apply principles derived from the model to reducing interracial bias.

群体间偏见虽然对某些人有不公平的好处，但对个人有负面影响