REDUCING BIAS--THE COMMON INGROUP IDENTITY MODEL

减少偏见——通用的群体身份模型

• 批准号: 6363648
• 负责人: SAMUEL L GAERTNER
• 金额: $ 13.33万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-09-30 至 2004-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6363648
• 关键词: altruism; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; bias; communication behavior; conflict; elementary school; emotions; ethnic group; family structure /dynamics; human subject; identity; interpersonal relations; longitudinal human study; model design /development; prejudice; social cooperation; social facilitation; social group; social group process; social integration; social model; social problems; statistics /biometry; university student; videotape /videodisc

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's abstract): Intergroup bias, although it unfairly benefits some, has negative personal and social consequences for all citizens. The consequences of racism, for example, include more than the unrealized potential of members of minority groups and the failure to capitalize on diversity. Direct costs to majority as well as to minority groups involve the loss of human and financial resources as the result of unemployment, poverty, crime, drugs, ill-health, and personal, social and family dysfunction (see Bowser & Hunt, 1981; Jones, 1986; McLoyd, 1990). The proposed research explores the psychological processes underlying bias and examines how intergroup interactions may be structured to reduce bias and conflict as well to generalize to more positive attitudes and behaviors to the outgroup as a whole. The planned research extends the Common Ingroup Identity Model, which proposes that it is possible to engineer a recategorization of perceived group boundaries in ways that reduce intergroup bias and conflict. This model focuses on mediating processes and asserts that (1) more harmonious intergroup interactions can be facilitated by factors that emphasize a common superordinate identity between the members of different groups; and (2) favorable generalization to outgroup members not involved in the contact situation will be maximized when both superordinate and subgroup identities during contact are salient simultaneously (a dual identity). Thus this research investigates how the recognition of group commonality as well as group diversity can lead to reduced bias and conflict. The proposal derives a set of hypotheses and presents a serious of thirteen studies that together address the theoretical framework. Some studies consider directly the value of a dual identity for generalization. Additional studies address how the effects of superordinate and dual identities can result in stable and enduring effects by acting as catalysts for other processes that reduce bias, and also by instigating an exchange of reciprocally positive intergroup behaviors. Other studies extend these principles into a variety of intergroup settings including (1) a school-based intervention program, (2) a longitudinal study of step-families, and (3) a longitudinal study of persistence and attrition among college students from diverse backgrounds.

描述（申请人摘要）：组间偏见，虽然它不公平 对所有人都有负面的个人和社会后果 公民 例如，种族主义的后果不仅包括 少数群体成员未发挥的潜力， 利用多样性。 多数人和少数人的直接费用 团体会因以下原因而损失人力和财力 失业、贫穷、犯罪、毒品、健康不良以及个人、社会和 家庭功能障碍（参见鲍泽和亨特，1981;琼斯，1986;麦克罗伊德，1990）。 拟议的研究探讨了偏见背后的心理过程 并研究了如何组织群体间的互动，以减少偏见 和冲突，以推广到更积极的态度和行为 对整个外群体的影响 计划中的研究扩展了共同群体身份模型， 提出有可能对感知进行重新分类 以减少群体间偏见和冲突的方式划分群体界限。 这 模型侧重于调解过程，并断言（1）更和谐 群体间的互动可以通过强调 不同群体成员之间的共同上位身份;以及 (2)对不参与接触的外群成员有利的概括 当上级和子组身份都 在接触过程中同时突出（双重身份）。 因此该 研究调查了如何识别群体共性以及 群体多样性可以减少偏见和冲突。 该提案源自 一组假设，并提出了一系列的十三项研究， 建立理论框架。 一些研究直接考虑了 双重身份的推广。 更多的研究探讨了 上级和对偶身份的影响可以导致稳定的， 作为其他过程的催化剂， 偏见，也通过煽动积极的交流， 群际行为 其他研究将这些原则扩展到各种 包括（1）以学校为基础的干预计划， (2)继家庭的纵向研究;（3）继家庭的纵向研究。 不同背景的大学生之间的持久性和摩擦。

项目成果

Just say no (to stereotyping): effects of training in the negation of stereotypic associations on stereotype activation.

• DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.78.5.871
• 发表时间: 2000-05
• 期刊: Journal of personality and social psychology
• 影响因子: 7.6
• 作者: Kerry Kawakami;J. Dovidio;Jasper Moll;S. Hermsen;Abby Russin

Reducing intergroup bias: elements of intergroup cooperation.

减少群体间偏见：群体间合作的要素。

• DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.76.3.388
• 发表时间: 1999
• 期刊: Journal of personality and social psychology
• 影响因子: 7.6
• 作者: Gaertner,SL;Dovidio,JF;Rust,MC;Nier,JA;Banker,BS;Ward,CM;Mottola,GR;Houlette,M
• 通讯作者: Houlette,M

Intergroup bias: status, differentiation, and a common in-group identity.

群体间偏见：地位、差异和共同的群体内身份。

• DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.75.1.109
• 发表时间: 1998
• 期刊: Journal of personality and social psychology
• 影响因子: 7.6
• 作者: Dovidio,JF;Gaertner,SL;Validzic,A
• 通讯作者: Validzic,A