BEHV AND IMAGING APPROCHES TO IMPLICIT MEMORY IN AGING

衰老过程中内隐记忆的行为和成像方法

• 批准号: 2833335
• 负责人: YAAKOV STERN
• 金额: $ 42.56万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-05-01 至 2004-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2833335
• 关键词: age difference; aging; apolipoprotein E; association learning; behavioral /social science research tag; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; clinical research; cognition; decision making; human genetic material tag; human old age (65+); human subject; longitudinal human study; magnetic resonance imaging; memory; neural facilitation; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; positron emission tomography; psychological aspect of aging; visual perception; visual stimulus; young adult human (21-34)

We propose a carefully integrated and theoretically-motivated set of behavioral and neuroimaging studies designed both to broaden and deepen current understanding of age-related changes in implicit memory. Most studies report that implicit memory is preserved over chronological age as well as across time within an age group, whereas explicit memory declines in elderly subjects. However, some provocative findings have been reported, showing implicit memory loss with certain types of stimuli, and over temporal delays. Using a possible/impossible object decision priming task, we found that decision accuracy was significantly facilitated or primed for studied, but not for non-studied possible objects in both young and elderly subjects. However, young subjects continued to show priming up to 1 week after study, whereas priming virtually disappeared for the elders after 20 minutes. This suggestion of a deteriorating perceptual memory system in the elderly constitutes a central theme in our proposed work. In particular, the hypothesis to be addressed is that familiar or pre-existing representations can be remembered implicitly by older individuals; whereas implicit memory for novel representations may deteriorate over time. Our strategy will be to establish behavioral methodology and findings with behavioral studies, and then to attempt to explore the neural substrates that support these tasks with followup H215O PET studies. Thus, beginning in year 1, we will conduct a series of 6 behavioral experiments designed to test our hypotheses, culminating in a study where we will use a training procedure to try to induce familiarity in our novel stimuli in order to directly improve delayed implicit memory performance in elders. Beginning in year 2, we will conduct a series of PET studies to follow up on the behavioral studies and assess the neural substrates supporting encoding and retrieval of implicit memory both immediately and at delays in young and older individuals. This proposal represents a unique combination of expertise across collaborators and will make a major contribution to our understanding of age-related changes in memory.

我们提出了一套经过精心整合和理论驱动的行为和神经影像学研究，旨在扩大和加深当前对内隐记忆与年龄相关变化的理解。 大多数研究报告说，内隐记忆会随着实际年龄以及年龄组内的时间而保留，而外显记忆在老年受试者中会下降。然而，一些令人兴奋的发现表明，某些类型的刺激和时间延迟会导致内隐记忆丧失。 使用可能/不可能物体决策启动任务，我们发现，在年轻和老年受试者中，对于研究的决策准确性显着促进或启动，但对于未研究的可能物体则不然。 然而，年轻受试者在研究后 1 周内继续表现出启动现象，而老年人的启动现象在 20 分钟后几乎消失。 关于老年人知觉记忆系统恶化的建议构成了我们拟议工作的中心主题。 特别是，要解决的假设是，熟悉的或预先存在的表征可以被年长的个体隐式记住；而对新颖表征的内隐记忆可能会随着时间的推移而退化。 我们的策略是通过行为研究建立行为方法论和发现，然后尝试通过后续 H215O PET 研究来探索支持这些任务的神经基质。 因此，从第一年开始，我们将进行一系列 6 个行为实验，旨在检验我们的假设，最终在一项研究中，我们将使用训练程序来尝试诱导对新刺激的熟悉，以直接改善老年人的延迟内隐记忆表现。从第二年开始，我们将进行一系列 PET 研究，以跟进行为研究，并评估支持年轻人和老年人立即和延迟内隐记忆编码和检索的神经基质。该提案代表了合作者之间专业知识的独特结合，将为我们理解与年龄相关的记忆变化做出重大贡献。