Eco-Energy Retrofit, Grove Housing Association, Belfast

生态能源改造，格罗夫住房协会，贝尔法斯特

• 批准号: 972015
• 金额: $ 19.11万
• 依托单位: ECO-ENERGY (NI) LIMITED
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: BEIS-Funded Programmes
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=972015
• 关键词: Eco; Energy; Retrofit; Grove; Housing

Our retrofit model evolved to include a combination of Passivhaus, Minergie and Active House principles. The Active House standard was adopted as we wanted to achieve a comprehensive retrofit to cover issues such as day lighting and embodied energy. This standard specifies targets for primary energy, indoor climate and environment and has an emphasis on occupant health and wellbeing.A sensitivity analysis of each proposed retrofit measure was conducted using PHPP with the Trias Energetica concept employed to establish a hierarchy of measures. To prevent overheating, insulation levels were designed to suit the summer condition and took into account the predicted increase in the maximum mean summer temperature expected by 2050.A systematic deconstruction enabled all material removed from the house to be measured to conduct a life cycle assessment (LCA). Sima Pro ISO 14044 LCA software was used to compare the embodied energy of the retrofit house to an equivalent new build.To provide a floor u-value of 0.10 W/m²K, twenty tonnes of old floor slab and rubble were removed to allow for 200mm of phenolic insulation under the new concrete slab. To reduce thermal bridging, 30mm of phenolic edge insulation was fitted against the party and internal walls and 120mm against the external walls.Some walls had been partially dry lined in 2001 using the dot and dab method resulting in a lack of airtightness between the insulation and the internal face of the brickwork. This had allowed warm moisture laden air to condense on the cold brickwork and plaster behind the dry lining, causing damage to structural timbers and creating areas of toxic mould growth. Evidence of this decay highlighted the importance of airtightness and also the warning issued by the World Health Organisation of occupant’s health suffering from “Increased exposure to dampness and mould being created by energy conservation measures that are not carried out properly”.We found that wooden joists positioned below the dry lining were suffering from wet rot. However, in the attic where dry lining hadn’t been installed, the joists were found to be in good condition. The eventual solution was to cut the wooden joists short and slot the ends into a steel universal beam supported on insulated pads positioned within the thermal envelope.The wall insulation strategy developed after extensive research into the impact of internal insulation on the building fabric. Various studies were considered including ones by the Fraunhofer Institute on the drying of brick walls and the National Research Council Canada on solar driven inward vapour diffusion. A siloxane based hydrophobic impregnation was applied to the exterior of the brickwork before the internal insulation was installed. To achieve an external wall u-value of 0.15 W/m²K, 120mm thick phenolic insulation bonded to 18mm oriented strand board (OSB) was fitted using thermally broken fixings. Results from moisture sensors installed at the various wall element interfaces indicate a progressive reduction of moisture content within the walls.During deconstruction we discovered that mineral wool insulation which had been installed for around twenty five years had been pushed tight up against the sarking felt. The lack of an air gap had caused the original timbers to rot and as a consequence a new roof was required. We designed and manufacture a prefabricated roof with a high level of insulation to obtain a u-value of 0.10 W/m²K. The old roof was removed and the new roof lifted on and made weather tight within a twenty-four hour period.The locally manufactured triple glazed windows were installed in the reveals within an insulation collar to isolate them from the surrounding brick work. To minimise heat loss and control solar gain through the triple glazed windows, thermal blinds were fitted.To increase day lighting, four triple glazed roof windows were installed and a sun tunnel to illuminate the central stair well. The sun tunnel was modified to thermally isolate the reflective aluminium tube from the external flashing. A cassette filled with translucent UV stable aerogel insulation mounted inside the light tunnel provides an estimated u-value of 0.50 W/m²K.The retrofit house is being subjected to a building performance evaluation to compare the predicted building performance with the measured performance. The Energy Saving Trust is monitoring energy use, indoor climate and a host of other metrics for a two year post occupancy period. Performance of the structure is being monitored using various sensors including ones for moisture and temperature positioned within the building fabric. Heat flux sensors attached to various elements of the thermal envelope will enable analysis of predicted u-values and in situ u-values.

我们的改造模式演变为包括了Passivhaus、Minergie和Active House原则的组合。采用现行的众议院标准是因为我们希望实现全面的改造，以涵盖日光照明和体现能源等问题。该标准规定了一次能源、室内气候和环境的目标，并强调乘员的健康和福祉。使用PHPP对每一项拟议的改装措施进行了敏感性分析，并采用Trias Energetica的概念建立了措施的层次结构。为了防止过热，设计了适合夏季条件的绝缘水平，并考虑了预计到2050年夏季最高平均气温的预期上升。系统的解构使从房屋中移出的所有材料都可以进行测量，以进行生命周期评估(LCA)。使用SIMA Pro ISO 14044生命周期分析软件比较了改造后房屋和同等新建筑的体现能量。为了提供0.10W/m2K的楼层u值，拆除了20吨旧楼板和碎石，以便在新混凝土楼板下留出200 mm的酚醛绝缘。为减少热桥，在共用墙和内墙上安装了30毫米的酚醛边缘隔热材料，在外墙上安装了120毫米的酚醛边缘隔热材料。2001年，一些墙壁使用点和轻拍的方法进行了部分干燥衬里，导致隔热材料与砖块内面之间缺乏气密性。这使得温暖的潮湿空气凝结在干燥衬里后面的冷砖和灰泥上，对结构木材造成损害，并造成有毒霉菌滋生区域。这种腐烂的证据突显了密封性的重要性，也突显了世界卫生组织发布的关于乘员健康的警告，原因是“节能措施执行不当，导致潮湿和霉菌暴露增加”。我们发现，放置在干燥衬里下方的木托梁正在遭受湿腐。然而，在没有安装干衬的阁楼上，托梁被发现状况良好。最终的解决方案是将木托梁剪短，并将两端开槽到钢质万能梁上，支撑在保温围护结构内的绝缘垫上。墙体保温策略是在对内部保温对建筑结构的影响进行广泛研究后开发出来的。审议了各种研究，包括弗劳恩霍夫研究所关于砖墙干燥的研究和加拿大国家研究理事会关于太阳能驱动的蒸汽向内扩散的研究。在安装内部绝缘之前，将硅氧烷基疏水浸渍应用到砖制品的外部。为了实现0.15W/m 2K的外墙u值，采用热断裂固定装置将120 mm厚的酚醛绝缘材料粘结到18 mm定向绞线板(OSB)上。安装在各个墙体单元界面上的湿度传感器的结果表明，墙体内的水分含量逐渐减少。在解构过程中，我们发现安装了大约25年的矿棉绝缘材料被紧紧地压在了毛毡上。由于没有气隙，原来的木材已经腐烂，因此需要一个新的屋顶。我们设计和制造了一种具有高绝缘水平的预制板屋顶，以获得0.10W/m2 K的u值。旧屋顶被拆除，新屋顶被提升，并在24小时内使天气变得严密。当地生产的三层玻璃窗安装在外露的隔热项圈内，以将它们与周围的砖瓦隔绝。为了尽量减少热量损失和控制通过三层玻璃窗获得的阳光，安装了防热百叶窗；为了增加采光，安装了四扇三层玻璃屋顶窗户和一条阳光隧道，以很好地照亮中央楼梯。对太阳隧道进行了改进，使反射铝管与外部闪光隔热。安装在光隧道内的装满半透明紫外线稳定气凝胶绝缘材料的盒式磁带提供的u值估计为0.50W/m2K。改装后的房屋正在接受建筑性能评估，以将预测的建筑性能与测量的性能进行比较。节能信托基金正在监测能源使用、室内气候和许多其他指标，为期两年的入住期。该结构的性能正在使用各种传感器进行监测，包括安装在建筑织物内的湿度和温度传感器。连接到热封的各种元件上的热通量传感器将能够分析预测的U值和现场的U值。