TRAINING IN TRAUMA AND SEPSIS RESEARCH

这项博士后培训计划建议旨在培训研究员，主要是外科医生，每个人为期两到三年，从事与创伤和脓毒症相关的基础科学研究。请拨资金以支持每年总共五个职位(每年两个新研究员、两个第二年职位和一个第三年职位)。受训者的总体研究重点是损伤炎症反应的分子生物学。有三个领域的研究是有针对性的：i)失血性和创伤性休克的分子生物学；ii)一氧化氮在脓毒症和创伤中的调节和作用；以及iii)外科患者的免疫调节机制。这些领域与目前教职员工合作的校外研究拨款不谋而合。研究计划是极好的培训工具，因为它们提出了广泛的问题，可以就这些问题进行精确的、有针对性的个人研究培训工作。师资队伍素质高，所有校长培训师都有校外研究支持和丰富的培训经验。在完成培训计划后，研究员将了解如何设计、执行和完成实验，以回答创伤受害者和败血症患者提出的离散生物学问题。因此，这位研究员将接受培训，不仅是在分子生物学、生物化学和细胞免疫学方面的复杂实验室方法论方面，而且还在应用于未来实验问题的过程中。所有受训人员将有机会参加匹兹堡大学基础科学系提供的正式学术课程，有些人将完成基础科学系的博士学位。大多数培训将在主要培训者的实验室进行，他们都是由外部资助的分子生物学、生物化学、免疫学和细胞生物学领域的高级科学家，使用经过仔细深思熟虑和得到充分证明的师徒制度修改。中央培训技术包括学徒和培训师之间每周一对一的会议，以及每周两次长达一小时的研究培训研讨会，在研讨会上，由四到五名培训员组成的监督小组委员会，他们的特殊技能补充了友好的合作研究和培训。个别研究员选择一名首席培训员，执行培训委员会设立一个由教员共同培训者组成的研究金监督委员会，以提供必要的专家培训，以补充首席培训员的才干。平权行动的招聘工作已经非常成功，并将继续下去；培训设施可以服务的研究员比这项培训提案所提供的经费还要多。所有的培训都可以在50,000多平方英尺的设备齐全的实验室空间内进行。

This postdoctoral training program proposal is designed to train fellows, principally surgeons, for a period of two-to-three years each, in basic science research relevant to trauma and sepsis. Funds to support a total of five positions each year (two new fellows each year, two second year positions, and one third-year) are requested. The overall research focus of the trainees is the molecular biology of the inflammatory response to injury. Three areas of research have been targeted: I) The molecular biology of hemorrhagic and traumatic shock; II) The regulation and function of nitric oxide in sepsis and trauma; and III) Mechanisms of immunoregulation in surgical patients. These areas coincide with current extramural research grants on which the faculty collaborate. The research plans are superb vehicles for training because they ask broad questions on which precise, well-targeted individual research training efforts can be staged. The faculty is highly qualified, and all principle trainers have extramural research support and much training experience. Upon completion of the training program the fellow will understand how to design, carry out, and complete experiments to answer discrete biological questions derived from trauma victims and septic patients. The fellow will thus be trained, not simply in the sophisticated laboratory methodology in molecular biology, biochemistry, and cellular immunology, but also in the though processes to apply to future experimental problems. All trainees will have the opportunity to take formal academic courses offered by the basic science departments of the University of Pittsburgh and some will complete PhDs in the basic science departments. Most training will take place in the laboratories of the principle trainers who are all extramural grant-funded senior scientists in the areas of molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, and cell biology, using a carefully though-out and well-proven modification of the master/apprentice system. The central training technique combines weekly one-on-one meetings between the apprentice and the trainer plus hour- long research training seminars twice weekly at which supervision subcommittees of four or five trainers, whose special skills supplement the friendly collaborative research and training simultaneously. The individual fellows choose a principle trainer and the Executive Training Committee tailors a fellowship supervising committee of faculty co- trainers to provide expert training necessary to supplement the talents of the principal trainer. Affirmative action recruitment efforts have already been very successful, and will continue; the training facilities can serve more fellows than will be funded by this training proposal. All the training can be carried out in the more than 50,000 square feet of fully equipped laboratory space available.