EFFECTS OF JUVENILE EXPERIENCE ON MATERNAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY

青少年经历对母亲心理生物学的影响

• 批准号: 2892917
• 负责人: GARY W KRAEMER
• 金额: $ 23.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-15 至 2002-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2892917
• 关键词: Callithricidae; adrenocorticotropic hormone; behavioral /social science research tag; child rearing; corticotropin releasing factor; cortisol; cues; dopamine; early experience; endorphins; estradiol; hormone regulation /control mechanism; hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis; maternal behavior; motivation; neuroendocrine system; neuropsychology; norepinephrine; oxytocin; progesterone; prolactin; reinforcer; serotonin; socioenvironment

Early experience plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inadequate maternal care in primates. In humans, abused and/or neglected female children are likely to become abusive and neglectful mothers. Despite the regularity of the relationship between early rearing and later pathogenesis of maternal behavior, the pathogenic mechanism is not understood. While learning to mother undoubtedly plays a role in the development of adequate maternal care, it is evident that a new parent must be "responsive" and attracted to neonates, but not fearful or indifferent. In many mammals, maternal responsiveness to offspring is hormonally regulated. There is compelling evidence that early social experience alters the development of brain neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine systems in nonhuman primates. We propose to test the hypothesis that differences in early rearing experience provide an etiology for pathogenic maternal behavior by altering brain neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter systems which regulate how the adult perceives and responds to infant stimuli. The study design will elucidate the effects of developmental caregiving experience (DCE) on the development of brain neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine systems, and later parental behavior in the common marmoset monkey. Marmoset juveniles and young adults of both sexes usually assist their mother and father in care of younger siblings and gain DCE. Adult female marmosets that do not have DCE reject or kill their first-born, so the effects of early experience appear to be critical for the later expression of maternal behavior in this primate. We propose to rear marmosets with and without opportunity to gain DCE. Early brain peptidergic and bioamine responses to DCE will be determined. HPA axis, bioamine, peptidergic responses to separation from the natal group, novel environments, and pairing with an adult member of the opposite sex will be determined. Using an operant response paradigm, reward value and biological response to infant visual, auditory, and olfactory cues will be determined prior to and after hormonal priming associated with pregnancy and parturition. The results will enable us to begin to localize brain mechanisms responsible for maternal responsiveness in a primate species, and provide an initial understanding of how these mechanisms contribute to the pathogenic maternal behavior.

在灵长类动物中，早期经验在母亲护理不足的发病机制中起着至关重要的作用。在人类中，受虐待和/或被忽视的女童很可能成为虐待和忽视的母亲。尽管早期养育与后期母性行为发病之间的关系具有一定的规律性，但其发病机制尚不清楚。虽然学习如何做母亲无疑在发展适当的产妇护理方面发挥着作用，但很明显，新父母必须对新生儿有“反应”和吸引力，而不是恐惧或漠不关心。在许多哺乳动物中，母体对后代的反应是由母体调节的。有令人信服的证据表明，早期的社会经验改变了非人类灵长类动物大脑神经递质和神经内分泌系统的发育。我们建议测试的假设，即早期养育经验的差异提供了一个病因学的致病性母亲的行为，通过改变大脑神经内分泌和神经递质系统，调节成人如何感知和响应婴儿的刺激。本研究旨在阐明发育性哺乳经历（DCE）对普通绒猴脑神经递质和神经内分泌系统发育的影响，以及随后的父母行为。绒猴青少年和年轻的成年男女通常帮助他们的母亲和父亲照顾年幼的兄弟姐妹和获得DCE。没有DCE的成年雌性绒猴会拒绝或杀死它们的第一个孩子，因此早期经验的影响似乎对这种灵长类动物后来的母性行为表达至关重要。我们建议饲养有机会和没有机会获得DCE的绒猴。将测定对DCE的早期脑肽能和生物胺反应。HPA轴，生物胺，肽能反应，从纳塔尔组分离，新的环境，并与异性的成年成员配对将被确定。使用操作性反应范例，奖励值和生物反应婴儿视觉，听觉和嗅觉线索将确定之前和之后的激素引发与怀孕和分娩。这些结果将使我们能够开始定位灵长类物种中负责母性反应的脑机制，并初步了解这些机制如何促成致病性母性行为。