MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF SPATIAL RELATIONS

空间关系的心理表征

• 批准号: 2891047
• 负责人: TIMOTHY P. MCNAMARA
• 金额: $ 10.77万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-04-01 至 2002-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2891047
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; computer graphics /printing; computer simulation; discrimination learning; human subject; memory; neural information processing; orientation; psychological tests; space perception; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): The research described in this proposal investigates human spatial memory. The goal of the project is to determine how spatial relations among objects in the environment are represented in and retrieved from memory. The specific aim of the research is to isolate the conditions under which spatial memories are represented in an orientation dependent manner, such that familiar views are more easily recalled and recognized than are unfamiliar views, and the conditions under which spatial memories are represented in an orientation independent manner, such that familiar and unfamiliar views are equally accessible. Several convergent methods will be used. In one line of research, observers will learn the locations of objects in large spaces and then make judgements of relative direction using their memories of the spaces (e.g., "Imagine you are standing at the lamp facing the shoe. Point to the clock".) These studies will manipulate the number of views that observers are allowed to have of the space, the consistency of alternative spatial reference frames, and how the observer is allowed to move in the space when he or she learns it. A second series of experiments uses scene recognition to examine spatial memory. Human observers will see one or more views, differing by rotation in three-dimensional space, of a collection of dots displayed on a graphics monitor, or will commit to memory from one or more perspectives the locations of several objects resting on a surface. The observers will then be given old-new recognition tests in which they must discriminate familiar and novel views of the recently experienced spatial layout from views of other spatial layouts. The familiar and novel views will differ in orientation. A principal goal of this research is to determine when scene recognition performance is orientation dependent and when it is orientation independent. The mechanisms by which novel views are matched to stored views in memory will also be examined. Computation models of scene recognition will be implemented and tested. This basic science provides a foundation for understanding individual differences in spatial ability.

描述（申请人的摘要）：本提案中描述的研究 研究人类的空间记忆。 该项目的目的是确定 环境中对象之间的空间关系如何表示 并从内存中检索。 该研究的具体目的是隔离 空间记忆在一个中表示的条件 取向依赖性的方式，使熟悉的观点更容易 召回和认可的观点比陌生的观点，以及 哪些空间记忆以方向独立的方式表示 使熟悉和陌生的观点同样可以访问。 一些 将使用收敛方法。 在一项研究中，观察者将 在大空间中学习对象的位置，然后做出判断 使用他们对空间的记忆的相对方向（例如，“想象你 正站在面对鞋子的灯上。 指向时钟”。 研究将操纵允许观察者的观点数量 有空间，替代空间参考帧的一致性， 以及观察者在学习时如何在空间中移动 它。 第二系列实验使用场景识别来检查 空间内存。 人类观察者将看到一个或多个观点，不同 在三维空间中的旋转，在一个点上显示的点集 图形监视器，或将从一个或多个角度从 位于表面上的几个物体的位置。 然后观察者将 接受新的识别测试，其中必须区分熟悉的测试 以及最近经历过的空间布局的新颖观点 其他空间布局。 熟悉和新颖的观点会有所不同 方向。 这项研究的主要目标是确定何时场景 识别性能取决于方向以及何时取向 独立的。 新颖观点与存储的机制相匹配的机制 还将检查内存中的视图。 场景的计算模型 识别将被实施和测试。 这项基础科学提供了 理解空间能力的个体差异的基础。