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MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF SPATIAL RELATIONS

空间关系的心理表征

基本信息

批准号：
7263895
负责人：
TIMOTHY P. MCNAMARA
金额：
$ 17.9万
依托单位：
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1998-04-01 至 2009-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The research described in this proposal investigates human spatial memory. The long-term goal of the project is to understand how spatial relations among objects in the environment are represented in memory and how remembered spatial relations are used to guide navigation. The specific aims of the project are to advance the scientific understanding of (a) how location and orientation are updated in memory as people locomote in a previously learned environment; (b) the mental representations and processes used in spatial pointing tasks; (c) the extent to which spatial relations are represented more strongly in directions congruent than in directions incongruent with intrinsic axes of a spatial layout; (d) the acquisition of memories of largescale environments; (e) whether learning a new environment produces multiple representations in memory; and (t) the nature of spatial memories acquired from non-visual modalities, and how they compare to spatial memories acquired visually. Participants will learn locations of objects in spaces ranging in size from a table-top to a large city park. Layouts will be learned by visual inspection, visually guided locomotion, or manual exploration without visual guidance. After learning the layouts, participants will take part in tasks that require them to point to target objects from their actual location or from imagined standing locations and facing directions, to discriminate familiar and novel views of a recently learned spatial layout from views of other spatial layouts, or to decide whether objects are in one layout vs. another. Individual differences, including gender-related effects, will be examined in all experiments. This basic science provides a theoretical and empirical foundation for understanding individual differences in spatial ability, and the debilitating deficits in spatial memory created by stroke, traumatic brain injury, and dementia.

描述(申请人提供)：本提案中描述的研究调查人类的空间记忆。该项目的长期目标是了解环境中物体之间的空间关系是如何在记忆中表现出来的，以及如何使用记忆中的空间关系来指导导航。该项目的具体目标是促进对以下问题的科学理解：(A)当人们在先前学习的环境中移动时，位置和方向如何在记忆中更新；(B)空间指向任务中使用的心理表征和过程；(C)空间关系在与空间布局的固有轴一致的方向上比在与空间布局的固有轴不一致的方向上表现得更强的程度；(D)对大规模环境的记忆的获得；(E)学习新环境是否会在记忆中产生多种表征；以及(T)从非视觉通道获得的空间记忆的性质，以及它们与视觉获得的空间记忆的比较。参与者将学习物体在大小不一的空间中的位置，从桌面到大型城市公园。布局将通过视觉检查、视觉引导移动或在没有视觉指导的情况下进行手动探索来学习。在学习了布局后，参与者将参与一些任务，这些任务要求他们从实际位置或想象的站立位置和朝向指向目标对象，区分最近学习的空间布局的熟悉和新颖视图与其他空间布局的视图，或者决定对象是在一个布局中还是在另一个布局中。个体差异，包括与性别相关的影响，将在所有实验中进行检验。这一基础科学为理解空间能力的个体差异以及中风、创伤性脑损伤和痴呆症造成的空间记忆缺陷提供了理论和经验基础。