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Clerical Celibacy in the West, 1100-1700

西方教士的独身主义，1100-1700

基本信息

批准号：
AH/F003102/1
负责人：
Helen Parish
金额：
$ 2.61万
依托单位：
University of Reading
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FF003102%2F1
关键词：
Clerical Celibacy West 1100 1700

项目摘要

My book presents an analysis of historical debates over clerical marriage and celibacy, focusing on the moments in the history of the church that were most crucial in the development of theology and practice of celibacy.The primary chronological focus of this project is the period c.1100-1700, but the discussion of medieval and early modern attitudes to clerical celibacy will be greatly facilitated by an understanding of clerical celibacy and marriage in the early church. One of the clearest demonstrations of the influence of past debates and controversies in the present day is the ongoing and vigorous discussions over the place of a celibate priesthood in the church.This debate, which had its origins as early as the fourth century, has profound implications for the modern church; decisions taken in Catholic Christendom in the period c.1100-1700 are of crucial importance to our understanding of this issue.A preoccupation with celibacy in the church today has perhaps worked to the detriment of a historical understanding of the subject, with little effort being made to set modern debates against the backdrop of the crucial debates and deliberations of the church through the centuries.My study will make significant strides towards filling this lacuna in knowledge and understanding of the history of the celibate priesthood, and make an important contribution to an ongoing and vital debate. The precedents provided by the early church were hotly contested in later debates, particularly during the Reformation when the ecclesiastical past became a vital part of the ammunition of Catholic and evangelical polemicists.A careful overview of the most important developments of the patristic period will provide a useful foundation for later analysis.However the bulk of the volume will be devoted to an analysis of debates over clerical celibacy and marriage in the period c.1100-1700.The eleventh century reform movement included among its objectives the creation of a celibate priesthood.The centrality of this period to later debates warrants a careful consideration of the issues and personalities here, but recent research has reinforced the belief that this was, in its own right, a crucial period in the history of the priesthood, not just the papacy.With the split between the priesthood and monastic movement, the legacy of the early church was ambivalent.Monastic chastity was highly prized, but ecclesiastical reformers frequently encountered openly married priests. Both critics and defenders of clerical marriage attempted to claim support from the example of the early church; debate was vigorous and its outcome contested.The era of the Reformation saw this debate reach a much broader audience; for many of the laity the marriage of their priest would have been one of the most visible aspects of the Protestant reformation, giving the issue prominence at all levels of the church.The printing press facilitated the rapid and immediate dissemination of evangelical literature, and helped to provide a link between the ideological controversies and the practical experience of clerical celibacy and marriage in the parishes.I will examine the evangelical challenge to the disciplines and traditions of the Catholic church, both in the open practice of clerical marriage in the reformed churches, and in the vigorous polemical debate that was spawned by the question of clerical celibacy, and perceptions of contemporary clerical morality.This will be accompanied by a discussion of the Catholic response to this challenge to ecclesiastical discipline, and an analysis of the influence of precedents from the history of the Greek and Latin churches on the debates of the Reformation period. Finally, I will offer some concluding comments on the legacy left to the western church by the upheavals of the period 1100-1700, and the intellectual, pastoral, political, and moral pressures that have shaped debates over celibacy throughout the history of the church.

我的书对神职人员婚姻和独身的历史辩论进行了分析，重点关注教会历史上对神学发展和独身实践最关键的时刻。本项目的主要时间顺序重点是c.1100-1700年，但对早期教会神职人员独身和婚姻的理解将极大地促进中世纪和早期现代对神职人员独身态度的讨论。过去的辩论和争议对今天的影响最明显的证明之一是关于独身牧师在教会中的地位的持续而激烈的讨论。这场早在四世纪就有其起源的辩论，对现代教会有着深远的影响；天主教世界在1100-1700年间做出的决定对我们理解这个问题至关重要。在今天的教会中，对独身的关注可能会损害对这一主题的历史理解，很少有人努力将现代辩论置于几个世纪以来教会的关键辩论和审议的背景下。我的研究将在填补这一知识空白和对独身神职人员历史的理解方面取得重大进展，并为正在进行的重要辩论做出重要贡献。早期教会提供的先例在后来的辩论中受到激烈的争论，特别是在宗教改革期间，教会的过去成为天主教和福音派辩论家的重要弹药。对教父时期最重要的发展进行仔细的概述，将为以后的分析提供有益的基础。然而，这本书的大部分内容将用于分析1100-1700年间关于神职人员独身和婚姻的争论。十一世纪的宗教改革运动的目标之一是建立独身的神职人员制度。这一时期在后来的辩论中处于中心地位，值得仔细考虑这里的问题和人物，但最近的研究加强了一种信念，即这一时期本身就是神职人员历史上的关键时期，而不仅仅是教皇的历史。随着神职人员和修道院运动的分裂，早期教会的遗产是矛盾的。修道院的贞操受到高度重视，但教会改革者经常遇到公开结婚的牧师。牧师婚姻的批评者和捍卫者都试图从早期教会的例子中寻求支持；辩论很激烈，结果也有争议。在宗教改革时代，这场辩论触及了更广泛的受众；对于许多俗人来说，牧师的婚姻是新教改革中最明显的方面之一，使这个问题在教会的各个层面都很突出。印刷机促进了福音派文学的迅速传播，并在意识形态争议和教区神职人员独身和婚姻的实际经验之间建立了联系。我将研究福音派对天主教会纪律和传统的挑战，既包括改革宗教会牧师婚姻的公开实践，也包括牧师独身问题引发的激烈辩论，以及对当代牧师道德的看法。这将伴随着天主教对教会纪律挑战的回应的讨论，并分析希腊和拉丁教会历史上的先例对宗教改革时期辩论的影响。最后，我将对1100-1700年期间的动荡留给西方教会的遗产，以及在教会历史上形成关于独身主义辩论的知识、牧师、政治和道德压力，提供一些结论性的评论。