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Phonetic design of overlapping speech in talk-in-interaction: A cross-linguistic study

交互对话中重叠语音的语音设计：跨语言研究

基本信息

批准号：
AH/F018908/1
负责人：
William Wells
金额：
$ 23.07万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FF018908%2F1
关键词：
Phonetic design overlapping speech talk

项目摘要

Participants in a conversation often speak at the same time, leading to overlapping speech; indeed, it has been estimated that up to 13% of the speech we utter during normal conversation occurs simultaneously with that of another talker. Given that conversations are generally perceived to proceed smoothly, the high occurrence of overlap in conversation requires explanation. However, phonetic science has largely neglected overlapping talk, and its potential theoretical importance for our understanding of linguistic structure and function have hardly been explored. An understanding of overlapping talk is also important for a number of practical applications, including those in which human-computer interaction is achieved through a speech interface.Conversations normally conform to a turn-taking model, in which participants wait for others to stop talking before talking themselves. However, overlapping speech can be used by conversational participants to compete for the turn - in other words, overlaps are initiated in order demonstrate that the overlapper is interested in taking over the turn immediately, not when the current speaker has finished. Conversations also contain a large number of non-competitive overlaps that have different conversational functions. A common example are so-called backchannel continuers such as 'uh-huh' that confirm the current talker's right to the turn. Given that both competitive and non-competitive overlaps are well attested in conversation, the question arises as to what linguistic resources are employed by participants in order to display an overlap as turn competitive or as non-competitive. In answering this question, previous research has focused almost exclusively on the English language. There is therefore very little known about the similarities and differences between languages, with respect to overlapping talk, particularly in regard to its phonetic aspects. Also, previous work in the field has mainly used careful impressionistic listening rather than quantitative techniques. Our proposal aims to address the limitations of previous work by conducting a cross-linguistic study of overlapping talk, combining quantitative with qualitative methods. We will record an audio/visual corpus of conversations held in two European languages - Standard Southern British English and Bosnian Serbo-Croatian. The conversational participants will be recorded in a naturalistic setting (such as a meeting room) in their home country. The corpus will allow us to determine whether the phonetic characteristics of overlapping talk are similar across different languages, and whether any differences relate to the particular system of accents and intonation used in the language. We will also use the corpus to determine whether overlapping talk that shares the same phonetic design in the two languages has a similar function.The proposed project will also establish objective techniques for the analysis of overlapping talk in naturally occurring interactions. This will be achieved by exploiting recent developments in the field of speech technology relating to multi-channel recording and analysis of meetings, segregation of overlapping speech and pitch analysis of concurrent sounds. We anticipate that such techniques will allow us to extract phonetically relevant features from audio recordings of overlapping talkers in a naturalistic environment. A key issue, then, is whether analyses of overlapping talk based on objective acoustic analysis agree with previous analyses based on impressionistic listening.Finally, we will make an annotated database of our audio/visual recordings available to other researchers via the Internet, and provide the facility for researchers to share their own annotations of the corpus. In this way, the corpus of recordings will be an evolving resource that will continue to benefit the research community beyond the life of the proposed two-year project.

对话中的参与者经常同时说话，导致语音重叠;事实上，据估计，在正常对话中，我们发出的语音中有高达13%与另一个说话者同时发生。鉴于人们通常认为对话进行得很顺利，因此对话中重叠的高发生率需要解释。然而，语音科学在很大程度上忽视了重叠话语，它对我们理解语言结构和功能的潜在理论意义几乎没有被探索。对重叠对话的理解对于许多实际应用也很重要，包括那些通过语音界面实现人机交互的应用。对话通常遵循话轮转换模型，即参与者等待其他人停止说话，然后才开始自己说话。然而，重叠的语音可以被会话参与者用来争夺话轮-换句话说，启动重叠是为了表明说话者有兴趣立即接管话轮，而不是当当前说话者已经完成时。会话还包含大量具有不同会话功能的非竞争性重叠。一个常见的例子是所谓的反向通道连续音，如“uh-huh”，它确认当前说话者的右转弯。鉴于竞争性和非竞争性重叠都在会话中得到了很好的证明，那么问题就来了，参与者使用了什么语言资源来显示竞争性或非竞争性的重叠。在回答这个问题时，以前的研究几乎完全集中在英语上。因此，人们对语言之间的相似性和差异知之甚少，关于重叠谈话，特别是关于其语音方面。此外，该领域以前的工作主要使用仔细的印象主义倾听，而不是定量技术。我们的建议旨在解决以前的工作的局限性，进行跨语言的研究重叠的谈话，结合定量和定性的方法。我们将记录两种欧洲语言-标准南方英国英语和波斯尼亚塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语的音频/视频语料库。对话参与者将在其本国的自然环境（如会议室）中录制。语料库将使我们能够确定重叠谈话的语音特征在不同语言中是否相似，以及是否有任何差异与语言中使用的特定口音和语调系统有关。我们还将使用语料库来确定在两种语言中具有相同语音设计的重叠话语是否具有相似的功能。拟议的项目还将建立客观的技术来分析自然发生的交互中的重叠话语。这将通过利用语音技术领域的最新发展来实现，该领域涉及会议的多通道记录和分析、重叠语音的分离和并发声音的音高分析。我们预计，这样的技术将使我们能够提取语音相关的功能，从录音重叠的谈话者在一个自然的环境。一个关键的问题，那么，是否重叠的谈话分析的基础上客观的声学分析同意与以前的分析的基础上印象listening.Finally，我们将我们的音频/视频记录的注释数据库提供给其他研究人员通过互联网，并提供研究人员分享自己的注释语料库的设施。通过这种方式，录音语料库将成为一种不断发展的资源，在拟议的两年期项目结束后，将继续使研究界受益。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

A framework for multidisciplinary project work with cochlear implant users: Involving CI users in developing rehabilitation tools to improve performance in multi-speaker conversation.

与人工耳蜗用户合作的多学科项目框架：让 CI 用户参与开发康复工具，以提高多说话者对话的表现。

DOI：
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
n/a
影响因子：
0
作者：
Crook H
通讯作者：
Crook H

A corpus of spontaneous multi-party conversation in Bosnian Serbo-Croatian and British English

波斯尼亚塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语和英式英语自发多方对话语料库

DOI：
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2012)
影响因子：
0
作者：
Kurtic E
通讯作者：
Kurtic E

The uses of overlap: carer-child interaction involving a nine-year-old boy with auditory neuropathy.

重叠的用途：涉及一名患有听神经病的九岁男孩的看护者与儿童的互动。

DOI：
10.3109/02699206.2013.803602
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
Clinical linguistics & phonetics
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Anstey J
通讯作者：
Anstey J

Where Prosody Meets Pragmatics

韵律与语用学的结合

DOI：
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Barth-Weingarten, Dagmar;Dehe, Nicole;Wichmann, Anne
通讯作者：
Wichmann, Anne

Conversational skill development strategies for cochlear implant users

人工耳蜗使用者的会话技能发展策略

DOI：
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
n/a
影响因子：
0
作者：
Beeston A. V. Beeston, G. J. Brown, E. Kurtic, B. Wells, E. Bradley, H. Crook
通讯作者：
Beeston A. V. Beeston, G. J. Brown, E. Kurtic, B. Wells, E. Bradley, H. Crook