'Veiled with Variety': Hildegard of Bingen's Office for Saint Ursula and the Rhetoric of Twelfth-century Women's Monasticism

研究背景：12世纪是西方修道改革和复兴的时期，在此期间，新的修道秩序和实践伴随着意识形态的竞争、大量的实验和妇女机构的蓬勃发展而出现。宾根的希尔德加德（Hildegard of Bingen, 1098-1179）根据她的远见卓识，制作了一个名副其实的图书馆，收藏了几乎所有已知的中世纪流派的作品，以教育她在莱茵河流域的两个社区。本研究的重点是希尔德加德的礼仪作品（文本和音乐）的有说服力的修辞，这些修辞代表了她对社区的理想化愿景。它特别关注她献给圣厄休拉的礼拜仪式办公室（她的77首礼拜歌曲中的13首），因为圣厄休拉的传奇为女性领袖提供了一个强大的女性社区领袖的典范。目的和目的：本研究的目的是分析献给圣厄休拉的礼仪办公室的文本和音乐的修辞。这需要以下任务：(1)将这些歌曲置于希尔德加德广泛的幻想、医学、科学和说教文学的背景中。这大部分可以通过进行单词搜索和在版本中使用一致性来完成。(2)提供关于希尔德加德来源的广泛新信息，显示她在释义中使用内化、记忆的材料。这项任务是必不可少的，因为没有任何版本的歌词有足够的一致性，而且这个项目的初步研究表明，她在修道院办公室记忆的文本对她的工作产生了特别强烈的影响。(3)分析希尔德加德文本的说服力结构，包括意象的运用、斯图苏拉传说的隐含论点和叙述重点，包括表演方面。(4)利用希尔德加德可用的音乐教育学和理论衍生的方法分析音乐设置。本文分析的重点是文本结构和音乐结构所显示的不同重点。(5)将希尔德加德社区的修辞与同一时期妇女机构的精选来源进行比较。测试案例包括附近的Klosterneuberg修道院，它在同一时间产生了一个与厄休拉竞争的办公室，以及由阿伯拉尔和埃洛伊丝在paraclete设计的更具实验性的礼拜仪式。应用和好处对希尔德加德的任何抒情作品的研究很少将它们与她的其他作品或可证明的记忆来源联系起来。尽管对希尔德加德的个别作品进行了孤立的研究（包括对乌尔苏拉办公室的一个项目进行了几项很好的研究），但还没有对整个办公室材料进行研究。此外，很少有研究对现存的数千间中世纪办公室中的任何一间进行完整的修辞、文本和音乐分析。因此，从这项研究中产生的专著将展示通过礼仪办公室（中世纪最广泛传播的大众传播形式之一）来理解中世纪的交流模式、表达和确认意识形态立场所取得的成果。

Context of the Research:The twelfth century was a time of reform and renewal in western monasticism,during which new monastic orders and practices arose with competingideologies, much experimentation, and a flowering of women's institutions.Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179), in response to her visionary experiences,produced a veritable library of works in nearly all known medieval genresfor the edification of her two communities in the Rhine valley. This studyfocuses on the persuasive rhetoric of Hildegard's liturgical works (text andmusic) that represent her idealized vision of her communities. Itfocuses, in particular, on her liturgical office dedicated to St Ursula (13of her 77 liturgical songs), since St Ursula's legend provided women leaderswith a model of a powerful leader of a women's community.Aims and Objectives:The aim of this research is to analyze the rhetoric of both the text and musicof the liturgical office dedicated to St Ursula. The requires the followingtasks: (1) Placing the songs within the context of Hildegard's extensivevisionary, medical, scientific and homiletic literature. Much of this can bedone through conducting word-searches and using concordances in editions. (2)Providing extensive new information about Hildegard's sources that displaysher use of internalized, memorized material in paraphrase. This task isessential, since no edition of the lyric songs has an adequate concordance, andpreliminary research for this project has demonstrated the particularlystrong influence on her work of sources available to her from texts she had memorized in the monastic offices. (3) Analysing the persuasive structure of Hildegard's texts, covering theuse of imagery, the implicit arguments and emphases of the narration of StUrsula's legend, including the performative aspects. (4) Analysing themusical settings using methods derived from musical pedagogy and theory thatwere available to Hildegard. This analysis focuses on the points at which thetextual structure and musical structure suggest divergent emphases. (5)Comparing the rhetoric of Hildegard's community with selected sources fromother women's institutions of the same period. The test cases include thenearby convent of Klosterneuberg which produced a competing Ursula officearound the same time and the more experimental liturgy devised at theParaclete by Abelard and Heloise.Applications and BenefitsThere are very few studies of any lyric works of Hildegard that connect themsubstantively to her other works or to a demonstrable cache of memorizedsources. Although there are isolated studies of individual pieces ofHildegard (including several good studies of one of the items of the Ursulaoffice) there has been no study of the full office materials. Moreover,there are few studies that undertake a complete rhetorical textual andmusical analysis of any of the thousands of surviving medieval offices. Themonograph arising from this research will therefore demonstrate the gains tobe made in understanding medieval modes of communication, representation andconfirmation of ideological positions through liturgical offices, one of themost widely spread forms of mass communication of the middle ages.